ArticleBrain communications2025
Dynamic relationship between cerebrospinal fluid immune cells and tissue damage markers in multiple sclerosis.
Article in Brain communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Mediating Factor of Immune Cell in the Causal Relationship Between Cardiovascular Disease-Related Plasma Proteins and Parkinson's Disease: A Network Mendelian Randomization Analysis.Mediators of inflammation · 2026Article
- Cross-platform comparison of blood glial fibrillary acidic protein quantification in healthy controls and multiple sclerosis.Multiple sclerosis journal - experimental, translational and clinicalArticle
- Cerebrospinal fluid protein elevations in Alzheimer's disease are dissociated from immune cell composition.Alzheimer's & dementia (New York, N. Y.)Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by immune-mediated demyelination and neurodegeneration. While cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers can track tissue damage, the relationship between immune cell populations and tissue damage markers remains poorly understood. We performed comprehensive immunophenotyping of CSF samples from 63 participants [29 relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), 7 primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS), 27 patients with other suspected neurological diseases (OND)]. CSF levels of neurofilament light chain (NfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were measured using single-molecule array technology. Relationships between immune cell populations and biomarkers were assessed using partial correlation and multiple regression analyses, adjusting for age and sex. RRMS patients exhibited expanded lymphocyte populations compared with OND, with elevated CD3+ T cells (+5062 cells/mL,
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Registered trials
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