ArticleFrontiers in sports and active living2025
Unilateral and bilateral load-velocity relationships in athletes: evidence from a study in boxers.
Article in Frontiers in sports and active living, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the load-velocity (L-V) relationship in boxers during unilateral (Bulgarian split-squat, BSS) and bilateral (back-squat, BS) lower-limb exercises, and to compare the mean velocity (MV) outputs between these two modalities, with the ultimate goal of providing an evidence-based foundation for optimizing strength training in boxing. Methods: Twenty trained boxers (age: 19.7 ± 1.0 years) performed incremental loading tests on a Smith machine equipped with a linear position transducer (GymAware) to record MV. Unilateral testing was performed on each leg in a randomized order, with loading progressed incrementally from 30% to 100% of the predicted one repetition maximum (1RM). Participants performed three repetitions at 30%-70% predicted 1RM, two repetitions at 75%-90% predicted 1RM, and one repetition at 95%-100% predicted 1RM, with a 10-second rest between repetitions and a 5-minute rest between load conditions. Results: We found a close relationship between MV and relative load (%1RM) in both BSS and BS exercises for the non-dominant legs (coefficient of determination; Conclusion: This study validated the use of velocity-based resistance training (VBT) to optimize strength training in boxing. Both unilateral and bilateral exercises showed consistent L-V relationships, supporting individualized load prescription. Bilateral exercises enhanced velocity output, while unilateral exercises helped correct inter-limb strength asymmetries and improve sport-specific stability.
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