ArticleFood science & nutrition2025
Evaluation of Mineral Content in Preterm Human Milk and Infant Formulas in Qatar: Assessing Compliance With Dietary Recommendations and Label Accuracy.
Article in Food science & nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mineral Profiling of Preterm, Term Breast Milk, and Commercial Infant Formula: Evaluating Nutritional Adequacy for Premature Neonates.Preventive nutrition and food science · 2026Article
- Evaluation of Mineral Content in Preterm Human Milk and Infant Formulas in Qatar: Assessing Compliance With Dietary Recommendations and Label Accuracy.Food science & nutrition · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Preterm infants have higher energy and nutrient needs compared to term infants, with human milk recommended as the primary feeding choice and infant formula as the secondary option. This study aimed to evaluate the concentration of essential trace minerals (manganese, copper, iron, and zinc) in preterm human milk and infant formulas in Qatar, and assess their nutrition label accuracy and compliance with nutritional requirements. Mineral analysis was performed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Samples included 50 liquid human milk samples from lactating mothers of preterm infants, 42 powder infant formulas from local markets and pharmacies, and 10 water samples commonly used in Qatar. All human milk and infant formulas were below the recommended zinc and iron ranges as per the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN). Additionally, 96% (48/50) of human milk and 95% (40/42) of infant formulas were below the recommended copper range. Furthermore, 34% (17/50) of human milk samples for manganese were below the recommended range, whereas 86% (36/42) of infant formulas exceeded it. Water samples showed mineral levels below detection limits, and thus had no contribution to mineral levels in reconstituted formulas. Significant differences were found between label and laboratory-tested values for copper (
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