ReviewJBMR plus2025
A systematic review of combination treatment strategies for osteoporosis.
Review in JBMR plus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Longitudinal osteoporosis therapy: treat-to-target and sequential strategies-a narrative review.Therapeutic advances in musculoskeletal disease · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The evidence and scientific guidance regarding the efficacy of combination treatment strategies for osteoporosis is currently limited. We performed a systematic review of primary studies that evaluated the effect of combination bone-active medication therapy on BMD and/or fracture outcomes. Eleven studies that assessed 7 different combinations of medications were included. Evidence for superior efficacy of combination treatment compared with monotherapy was strong for only 3 medication combinations: teriparatide and denosumab, teriparatide and zoledronic acid, and alendronate and raloxifene. Three small studies that evaluated combination teriparatide and denosumab found evidence of statistically significant benefit for increasing BMD at the lumbar spine and/or hip more than either medication alone. One large study that evaluated combination teriparatide and zoledronic acid found that after 1 yr of treatment BMD at the lumbar spine increased significantly more in the combination treatment group than the zoledronic acid alone group, and BMD at the hip increased significantly more in the combination treatment group than the teriparatide alone group. This study also found significantly reduced risk of clinical fractures with combination therapy compared with zoledronic acid alone, but not when compared with teriparatide alone. Two studies that evaluated combination alendronate and raloxifene found evidence of significant benefit on BMD outcomes. We found insufficient evidence for superior efficacy of other bone-active medication combinations compared with monotherapy on either BMD outcomes or the very limited data on fracture outcomes. In conclusion, there is evidence supporting the use of combination treatment with teriparatide and denosumab, teriparatide and zoledronic acid, and alendronate and raloxifene for osteoporosis for increasing BMD more than monotherapy, although several of the studies showing benefit of these combinations are small, and data are lacking on fracture outcomes. These combinations can be considered for treatment of patients with osteoporosis; however, further larger studies would be useful to evaluate fracture outcomes as well as other combinations for potential efficacy.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.