SynthesisFrontiers in pediatrics2025
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence and associated factors of iron-deficiency anemia among Chinese children under 6 years of age.
Synthesis in Frontiers in pediatrics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Efficacy and safety of probiotics in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia in Chinese children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Permissive Parenting Style and Anemia Are Associated with Developmental Delays Among Under-Five Children in Bandung District, West Java, Indonesia.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: This meta-analysis aimed to determine the prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) in Chinese children under 6 years of age and identify the associated risk factors. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted for studies published up to 15 January 2025 in English and Chinese databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, and WanFang Data). A random-effects model was used to synthesize prevalence data and risk factors. Results: Twenty-three studies involving 93,570 children (19,994 with IDA) were included. The overall IDA prevalence was 20.61% (95% CI: 14.68%-26.54%), with higher rates in rural areas (29.96%) compared to urban areas (13.28%). Significant risk factors for IDA included male sex (OR = 1.35), age 6-12 months (OR = 4.10), age 13-24 months (OR = 2.66), low birth weight (<2,500 g) (OR = 1.46), maternal anemia during pregnancy (OR = 2.50), cesarean delivery (OR = 1.18), and premature birth (OR = 2.15). Protective factors included mixed feeding (OR = 0.59), artificial feeding (OR = 0.54), and early introduction of complementary feeding (<6 months) (OR = 0.57). Respiratory diseases, diarrhoea, and formula feeding were not significant risk factors. Meta-regression showed no impact of study design or sample size on these associations. Conclusion: Risk factors for IDA in Chinese children under 6 years of age include male sex, younger age (6-24 months), low birth weight, maternal anemia, cesarean delivery, and premature birth. Mixed or artificial feeding and early complementary feeding may protect against IDA. Further large-scale worldwide studies are needed to confirm these findings and inform public health strategies.
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