The effect of osseodensification versus conventional drilling technique on bone osteotomy with and without implant placement in dog's maxilla.

Purpose: This study investigated the bone regenerative potential following immediate implant insertion using osseodensifying Densah drills compared to conventional drills. Materials and methods: Eight adult male mongrel dogs were randomly assigned to three groups using a split-mouth design. Atraumatic extraction of the maxillary second premolar was performed in all dogs, and the sockets of the distal roots served as the control group. Group I was subdivided into two subgroups: in subgroup IA, the mesial socket of the second premolar was drilled using NucleOSS drills, while in subgroup IB, the socket was prepared using osseodensifying Densah drills. The dogs were euthanized immediately after osteotomy preparation. Group II was also subdivided into two subgroups: in subgroup IIA, osteotomy preparation was performed using NucleOSS drills, while in subgroup IIB, the osteotomy was prepared using Densah drills, followed by the insertion of NucleOSS T6 implants in both subgroups. The dogs were euthanized two months after implant insertion. Specimens were stained using Hematoxylin and Eosin as well as Masson Trichrome stain and subjected to histomorphometric analysis. Cone beam computed tomography was used to measure radiographic bone density. Results: Subgroup IA exhibited areas of thermal osteonecrosis around the drilling site. Subgroup IB showed bone chips compressed into the bone marrow spaces of the osteotomy wall. The bone area percentage and bone density around implants in subgroup IIB were significantly higher than those in subgroup IIA (P<0.05). Conclusion: Osseodensification is an effective technique for increasing bone density around implants in areas of poor bone quality, which is considered a promising indicator of long-term clinical success.