SynthesisInternational health2026
Pneumonia in Ghana: prevalence, mortality and antimicrobial resistance-a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in International health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Prevalence, associated factors and treatment prescriptions for community-acquired pneumonia: a cross-sectional study at the largest children's hospital in the Ashanti Region, Ghana.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Spatiotemporal modeling of Under-Five Pneumonia (U-5P) risk in Ghana using Integrated Nested Laplace Approximations, 2018-2022.BMC public health · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Pneumonia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Ghana, especially among children <5 y of age and the elderly. However, comprehensive data on its prevalence and distribution remain limited. This systematic review addresses this gap by analysing the prevalence, regional variations, risk factors, antimicrobial resistance and mortality rates of pneumonia in Ghana. We searched PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science and African Journals Online databases, including 21 studies with a total of 124 582 participants. A random-effects meta-analysis estimated pooled prevalence and subgroup differences based on age, region and participant type. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 test and meta-regression, with sensitivity analysis also conducted. Study quality was evaluated using standardized Joana Briggs Institute checklists for prevalence studies. The pooled prevalence of pneumonia in Ghana was 22.01%, with significant regional variations. The highest prevalence was observed in a study conducted in the Greater Accra and Northern regions (32.31%), while the lowest was in the Upper West (4.83%). The prevalence in children <5 y of age was 17.79%. Hospitalized patients had a higher prevalence (22.14%) than community children (21.49%). Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most common pathogen, with high resistance (>70%) to co-trimoxazole, gentamicin and tetracycline. Key risk factors included indoor air pollution and seasonal changes. The mortality rate for pneumonia was found to be 3.07%. This systematic review highlighted significant regional disparities, pathogen resistance patterns and environmental risk factors that shape the burden of pneumonia in Ghana, providing critical evidence for targeted public health strategies. The findings highlight avenues for future research, including environmental drivers of transmission, focusing on underreported regions and surveillance of antibiotic resistance of pathogens isolated from pneumonia patients.
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