ArticleBMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation2025
Adding respiratory exercises to scapular stabilization training in adolescent girls with upper cross syndrome: a randomized controlled trial.
Article in BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundUpper Cross Syndrome (UCS) is associated with postural and muscular imbalances in the upper body. This study investigated the effects of combining respiratory and scapular stabilization exercises on scapular movement patterns, postural alignment, and muscle activation in adolescent girls with UCS.
methodsIn this randomized controlled trial, 50 girls aged 12–15 with UCS were randomly assigned to two groups: one receiving scapular stabilization exercises (SSE) and the other receiving combined dynamic neuromuscular stabilization-based respiratory and scapular stabilization exercises (SRE). Both groups trained three times per week for eight weeks. The primary outcome measures were postural alignment variables, such as forward head posture (FHP), rounded shoulder angle (RSA), thoracic kyphosis angle, and scapular movement patterns. Secondary outcomes included the electromyographic activity of the upper/middle/lower trapezius and serratus anterior during shoulder abduction. Assessments of the variables were conducted at baseline and after the intervention. A mixed repeated measures ANOVA was used to assess group × time interactions (p ≤ 0.05).
resultsMixed repeated measures ANOVA showed significant group*time interactions in scapular movement patterns, postural alignment, and muscle activity across key muscles (P < 0.05). Minimum clinically important difference analysis further indicated that participants in the SRE group demonstrated more clinically meaningful improvements across all outcome measures compared to the SSE group.
conclusionThe addition of respiratory training to scapular stabilization may result in more significant improvements in posture and muscle function in adolescents with UCS. These results support its potential efficacy, although further studies are needed to evaluate long-term clinical effectiveness.
trial registrationThe researchers registered this trial on 27/12/2022, with the identifier IRCT20221215056827N1 in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) at the following address: https://irct.behdasht.gov.ir .
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.