ReviewJournal of hematology & oncology2025
Tertiary lymphoid structures in cancer: spatiotemporal heterogeneity, immune orchestration, and translational opportunities.
Review in Journal of hematology & oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed.
- Multi-platform analysis of the tumor immune microenvironment associated with breast cancer subtypes.Oncoimmunology · 2026Article
- Review
- Tertiary lymphoid structures in cancer: their development, composition, clinical prognosis, and the drivers of the anti-tumor responses.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Review
- Spatial ecotype in tumor immune exclusion: from spatial architecture to therapeutic strategies.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- TLS as Predictors and Targets in Neoadjuvant Chemoimmunotherapy for NSCLC.Thoracic cancer · 2026Review
- Beyond TLS Presence: A Functional Framework Integrating Maturity, Location, and Immune Context.Cancers · 2026Review
- Tertiary lymphoid structures in breast cancer: Mechanistic insights, subtype-specific patterns, and therapeutic implications.World journal of surgical oncology · 2026Review
- Tumor infiltrating B cells and tertiary lymphoid structures in pancreatic cancer prognosis and therapy.iScience · 2026Review
- Therapeutic potential of tertiary lymphoid structures in breast cancer (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2026Review
- Machine learning-based integrative analysis identifies CXCL13-driven tertiary lymphoid structures as favorable immune and prognostic features in osteosarcoma.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- Digital Pathology and the AI-Based Quantification of the Tumor Microenvironment in Gastrointestinal Cancer: From Tumor Budding and Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes to Tertiary Lymphoid Structures.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Cytokines and cancer-associated fibroblasts.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- TCF1+CD4+ T cells and microglia co-orchestrate tertiary lymphoid structures to enhance prognosis and immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer with brain metastases.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- A foundation model-enhanced CT radiomics signature for the noninvasive assessment of tertiary lymphoid structures and prediction of therapy benefit in gastric cancer.Cancer biology & medicine · 2026Article
- The Emerging Role of Tertiary Lymphoid Structures as Predictive and Prognostic Biomarkers of Immunotherapy in Cancer.Cancer medicine · 2026Review
- Tertiary lymphoid structures correlate with reduced recurrence risk and enhanced antitumor immunity in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with pathologic non-complete response to neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2026Article
- Guardians of immunity: the role of tumour-draining lymph node in cancer immunity.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- The life cycle of tertiary lymphoid structures in pancreatic cancer-a window of opportunity for immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Germinal Center-Like Tertiary Lymphoid Structures Mark Immune Responsiveness and Enable Checkpoint Immunotherapy in Bladder Cancer.Oncology research · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are ectopic lymphoid aggregates that form in or in close proximity to tumors and other chronically inflamed tissues, where they serve as crucial sites for local antigen presentation, lymphocyte priming, and adaptive immune coordination. Increasing evidence across diverse cancers supports TLSs as key modulators of antitumor immunity, correlating with improved patient prognosis and response to immune checkpoint blockade. Yet, TLSs exhibit striking spatiotemporal and functional heterogeneity-ranging from immune-stimulatory to immune-suppressive-which complicates their clinical interpretation and therapeutic targeting. Recent studies have focused on elucidating the molecular cues driving TLS induction, the mechanisms regulating their maturation, and their dynamic interactions with the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we provide an integrated overview of these advances and discuss the clinical and translational implications of TLSs as prognostic biomarkers and immunotherapeutic targets.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.