ArticlePharmaceutical research2025
A Comprehensive Design-to-skin Pipeline to Fabricate Polymeric Microneedles Using Ultrahigh-resolution 3D Printing.
Article in Pharmaceutical research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Advancing intradermal vaccine delivery: Focus on hollow microneedles and skin models.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Review
- Dissolving Microneedles with Smart Design-A Tool for Enhancing Skin Permeation of Naltrexone Hydrochloride.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveMicroneedle technologies have emerged as a promising approach to improve intradermal drug delivery. This study presents a comprehensive workflow for fabricating polymeric microneedle arrays utilising ultrahigh-resolution 3-dimensional (3D) printing and silicone mould fabrication.
methodsIn this work, an extensive toolbox with over 75 distinct microneedle designs was created and sequentially fabricated from acryl using our workflow based on ultrahigh-resolution 3D printing.
resultsThe microneedle design parameters included obelisk and cone-like shapes, various lengths, base and tip diameters, and different densities. We systematically assessed the optimal design parameters for effective penetration of ex vivo human skin explants.
conclusionOur workflow, combined with application in an ex vivo human skin model, allows systematic comparison of multiple microneedle design parameters for efficacy. This work demonstrates the potential of this systematic modelling and ultrahigh-resolution 3D printing approach to optimize microneedles for intradermal biomedical applications, including therapeutic cancer vaccination.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.