State and disturbance estimation with supertwisting sliding mode control for frequency regulation in hydrogen based microgrids.

Ahmed M Taher, Hany M Hasanien, Saad F Al-Gahtani, Ziad M Ali, Ahmed F Zobaa, Shady H E Abdel Aleem

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Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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6 authors.

Ahmed M TaherElectrical Power and Machines Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11517, Egypt.

Hany M HasanienDepartment of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.

Saad F Al-GahtaniDepartment of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, 61421, Abha, Saudi Arabia.

Ziad M AliElectrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering at Wadi Addawaser, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, 11991, Wadi Addawaser, Saudi Arabia.

Ahmed F ZobaaElectronic and Electrical Engineering Department, Brunel University of London, Uxbridge, UB83PH, UK. azobaa@ieee.org.

Shady H E Abdel AleemBasic Sciences Council, Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, Cairo, 11516, Egypt.

Funding

the Deanship of Scientific Research, King Khalid University, through the General Research Project RGP2/641/46

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study considers the use of an enhanced super-twisting sliding mode control (STSMC) scheme, via the incorporation of a hybrid extended state observer (ESO) and a higher order sliding mode observer (HOSMO) state estimation and disturbance observer (DO) based on exponential decay embedded via a tracking element in order to hasten the estimation of disturbance thus improving performance significantly. This scheme is employed to generate single and multiple control signals per agent based on the microgrid's presented components, such as energy storage devices and renewable energy sources (RESs) alongside the harness of a puma optimizer (PO) metaheuristics scheme to optimize each area regulator's performance. The sliding surface incorporated is chosen based on desired control objectives. Adjusting the constricted area frequency and reducing tie-line power transfer fluctuations are considered the primary goals for frequency regulation in a multi-area power system. Also, based on the presented simulations, adequate performance in terms of minimum chattering, low complexity, fast convergence, and adequate robustness has been achieved. Using various microgrid peripheral components, such as a multi-terminal soft open point (SOP) with a dedicated terminal for hydrogen energy storage, alongside the proposed enhanced STSMC, the frequency change and power transfer rate of change are maintained within the range of ×10

Indexed as

Hydrogen energy storageLoad frequency controlMetaheuristics optimization techniquesSoft open pointSuper twisting sliding mode control

Identifiers

PMID41219337

DOI10.1038/s41598-025-23150-4

PMCPMC12606136

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