Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41218928›Full record

ArticleSexually transmitted infections2026

Trends in prevalence of

Carolina J G Kampman, Femke D H Koedijk, Froukje Bosma, Jeannine Hautvast, Christian Jpa Hoebe

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Sexually transmitted infections, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Limited Role ofObstetrics and gynecology international · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Carolina J G KampmanSexual Health, Public Health Service Twente, Enschede, Netherlands k.kampman@ggdtwente.nl.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0675-6231
Femke D H KoedijkEpidemiology, Public Health Service Twente, Enschede, Netherlands.
Froukje BosmaLaboratory for Medical Microbiology and Public Health, Hengelo, Netherlands.
Jeannine HautvastResearch Institute for Medical Innovation, Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
Christian Jpa HoebeDepartment of Infectious Diseases, South Limburg Public Health Services, Geleen, Netherlands.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesPrevalences of

methodsA retrospective cross-sectional study was performed between 2014 and 2022, using STI clinic data. Trends and positivity rates among key populations and anatomical locations were assessed using descriptive analyses. Sociodemographics and sexual behaviour variables were analysed to assess predictors of being TV positive, using multivariable regression analysis.

resultsA total of 37 577 consultations were performed in which patients were tested for TV; 16 075 among women and 21 502 among men. Overall TV positivity was 0.9% (145/16 075) among women and 0.3% (54/21 502) among men, and highest among women with a Netherlands Antillean ethnic background with 5.2% (11/212). TV positivity was lowest at the pharyngeal anatomical site (0.1%), followed by anorectal site (0.2%) and the urogenital anatomical site (0.5%).The following predictors of being TV positive were tested significant for men: being older (≥40 years, OR=5.1), having a Surinamese (OR=6.8) or Netherlands Antillean (OR=7.4) ethnic background and being gonorrhoea positive (OR=2.1). For women, the following predictors tested significant: being older (≥40 years, OR=3.3), having an Eastern European (OR=3.1), Western European (OR=2.2), Netherlands Antillean (OR=7.8) or Mid and South African (OR=4.0) ethnic background, having STI symptoms (OR=2.6) and being gonorrhoea positive (OR=2.6).

conclusionsBased on our results of 9 years of screening in an STI clinic setting, routine universal testing for TV is unnecessary. Testing patients, particularly women, is only required in symptomatic cases and might be considered in cases with an Eastern European, Netherlands Antillean or Mid and South African ethnic background.

Indexed as

Sexually Transmitted DiseasesTrichomonas InfectionsTrichomonas vaginalisAdolescentAdultAmbulatory Care FacilitiesCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNetherlandsPrevalenceRetrospective StudiesSexual BehaviorYoung AdultCommunicable DiseasesEpidemiologyHEALTH SERVICES RESEARCHPOLICYTRICHOMONAS

Identifiers

PMID41218928
PMCPMC13422104

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.