ArticlePloS one2025
Comparison of the epidemiological and clinical fingerprints of Human Granulocytotropic Anaplasmosis and Human Monocytotropic Ehrlichiosis in the United States.
Article in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cardiovascular Complications of Anaplasmosis: A Case of Acute Pulmonary Embolism and Literature Review.Infectious disease reports · 2026Article
- Cerebrospinal Fluid Findings among Patients with Anaplasmosis and Central Nervous Involvement, Minnesota and Wisconsin, USA.Emerging infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Comparative Clinical Characteristics of ICU and Non-ICU Hospitalized Patients With Human Anaplasmosis.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHuman granulocytotropic anaplasmosis (HGA), caused by Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis (HME), caused by Ehrlichia chaffeensis, are tick-borne zoonoses. The vast majority of Anaplasma phagocytophilum infections reported worldwide are from the United States. Ehrlichia chaffeensis infections are reported exclusively from North America, with the majority reported from the United States. We have recently summarized the available data on HGA and HME in the form of two systematic reviews. We compared data from these two systematic reviews to objectify differences in epidemiological and clinical presentation between the two diseases in the United States.
methodsFrom our recently published systematic reviews on HGA and HME, «best evidence data» were extracted and comparatively analyzed. Cases were included if (i) they had a high level of diagnostic certainty (i.e., diagnosed by PCR, culture, immunostaining of tissue, or paired IgG IFA serology), (ii) individual clinical data were available, (iii) no concomitantly present coinfection(s) were reported, and (iv) the infection was acquired in the United States.
resultsHME cases were statistically more frequent immunocompromised and younger and had gastrointestinal symptoms, hepatosplenomegaly and elevated liver function tests (LFT) levels. HGA cases were statistically more frequent presenting with pulmonary symptoms and encephalitis. Hospitalization and a fatal outcome was more frequent in HME. No differences in fatal outcome were observed between immunocompetent and immunocompromised HME cases.
conclusionAlthough HGA and HME show similarities, there are statistically significant differences in terms of their clinical patterns and outcomes and a not yet described difference in the affected age pattern.
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