Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41217671›Full record

ArticleGeroScience2026

Longitudinal changes in epigenetic measures over 2 years: methodological implications.

Rikuta Hamaya, Sidong Li, Brian H Chen, Alexandre C Pereira, Nichole Rigby, Haidong Zhu, Kerry L Ivey, Pamela M Rist, JoAnn E Manson, Yanbin Dong and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in GeroScience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Rikuta HamayaDivision of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 900 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA, USA. rhamaya@bwh.harvard.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0001-2129-8956
Sidong LiDivision of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 900 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA, USA.
Brian H ChenCalifornia Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Alexandre C PereiraMillion Veteran Program Coordinating Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.
Nichole RigbyFOXO Technologies Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Haidong ZhuGeorgia Prevention Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
Kerry L IveyDivision of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Pamela M RistDivision of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 900 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA, USA.
JoAnn E MansonDivision of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 900 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA, USA.
Yanbin DongGeorgia Prevention Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
Howard D SessoDivision of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 900 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA, USA.

Funding

Cocoa Supplement and Multivitamin Outcomes Study in the Mind (COSMOS-Mind)R01AG050657 · NIA · WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI BAKER, LAURA D., ESPELAND, MARK ANDREW · 2016 to 2020
$3.8M
Effect of randomized cocoa supplementation on inflammaging and epigenetic agingR01HL157665 · NHLBI · AUGUSTA UNIVERSITY · PI DONG, YANBIN, SESSO, HOWARD D · 2021 to 2024
$2.9M
COcoa Supplement and Multivitamins Outcomes Study (COSMOS): Effects on Falls and Physical PerformanceR01AG071611 · NIA · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI CRANDALL, CAROLYN JANET, LEBOFF, MERYL SUSAN · 2021 to 2024
$2.7M
COSMOS Eye: Cataract and AMD in a Trial of a Multivitamin and Cocoa ExtractR01EY025623 · NEI · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI SESSO, HOWARD D · 2016 to 2020
$2.6M
NEI NIH HHS EY025623NEI NIH HHS R01 EY025623NHLBI NIH HHS HL157665NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL157665NIA NIH HHS AG050657NIA NIH HHS AG071611NIA NIH HHS R01 AG050657NIA NIH HHS R01 AG071611NIH HHS AG050657NIH HHS AG071611NIH HHS EY025623NIH HHS HL157665
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Epigenetic clocks are increasingly proposed as surrogate endpoints in aging trials, yet their short-term behavior in healthy older adults is not well characterized. We analyzed DNA methylation at baseline, year 1, and year 2 in 899 COSMOS-Blood participants (mean age 70.0; 50% women), deriving Horvath, Hannum, PhenoAge, and GrimAge clocks (original and principal component [PC] versions) and DunedinPACE. Epigenetic age acceleration was computed by regressing each clock on chronological age. Chronological age was independent of epigenetic age acceleration and DunedinPACE. PC clocks exhibited substantially smaller 2-year change variance than original clocks, indicating greater measurement stability. Linear mixed-effects models showed statistically detectable but numerically small annual epigenetic age acceleration increases for several PC clocks (e.g., PC Horvath + 0.14 year/year; PC GrimAge + 0.16 year/year), whereas DunedinPACE did not change significantly. Baseline values strongly predicted the same measure at years 1 and 2 (R

Indexed as

AgingDNA MethylationEpigenesis, GeneticAgedFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleDNA methylationEpigenetic clockLongitudinal analysis

Identifiers

PMID41217671
PMCPMC13575030

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.