Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41217666›Full record

ArticleSleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung2025

Obstructive sleep apnea in type 2 diabetes: prevalence and limitations of the Berlin questionnaire and Epworth sleepiness scale in identifying high-risk patients.

P Asyaei, M S Johansen, C Jakobsen, K Stokbro, S Jensen, J E Henriksen, K Højlund, J V Stidsen, T B Olesen

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

P AsyaeiSteno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Kløvervænget 10, Odense C, 5000, Denmark. Parmida.Asyaei.Dyreborg@rsyd.dk.ORCID 0009-0001-0110-785X
M S JohansenSteno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Kløvervænget 10, Odense C, 5000, Denmark.
C JakobsenDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
K StokbroDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
S JensenSteno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Kløvervænget 10, Odense C, 5000, Denmark.
J E HenriksenSteno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Kløvervænget 10, Odense C, 5000, Denmark.
K HøjlundSteno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Kløvervænget 10, Odense C, 5000, Denmark.
J V StidsenSteno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Kløvervænget 10, Odense C, 5000, Denmark.
T B OlesenSteno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Kløvervænget 10, Odense C, 5000, Denmark.

Funding

Novo Nordisk Fonden NNF17SA0030962-1OUH Fund for Pre-graduate Stipends OUH Fund for Pre-graduate StipendsSteno Diabetes Center Odense (DK) Steno Diabetes Center Odense (DK)
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is common in type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study examined the prevalence of undiagnosed moderate-to-severe OSA (apnea-hypopnea index ≥ 15) in T2D patients, and assessed the diagnostic performance of the Berlin Questionnaire (BerlinQ) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) compared with cardio-respiratory monitoring (CRM). We hypothesized that BerlinQ and ESS would have sufficient sensitivity to identify patients with treatment-recommended OSA, thereby supporting their use as triage tools to select patients for CRM.

methodsThis cross-sectional study recruited T2D patients attending a tertiary diabetes clinic between September 2023 and September 2024. In 149 participants completing the BerlinQ and ESS, 115 underwent CRM for OSA diagnosis. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between OSA, clinical variables, and microvascular complications. The predictive performance of the questionnaires was assessed by calculating sensitivity and specificity.

results100 participants had valid CRM with 60% of those having moderate-to-severe OSA. Logistic regression showed higher odds of OSA with age (OR 1.07, 95%CI 1.02-1.12), BMI (OR 1.15, 95%CI 1.06-1.25), and positive BerlinQ (OR 3.64, 95%CI 1.33-10.00). The BerlinQ demonstrated high sensitivity (80.0%), but low specificity (47.5%) for treatment-recommended OSA. In contrast, the ESS exhibited high specificity (75.0%), but low sensitivity (28.3%).

conclusionsModerate-to-severe OSA is highly prevalent (60%) among T2D patients attending a tertiary diabetes clinic. Our findings support the need for systematic OSA screening using CRM in this population, instead of BerlinQ or ESS.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Sleep Apnea, ObstructiveAdultAgedCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrevalenceSensitivity and SpecificitySurveys and QuestionnairesApnea-Hypopnea-IndexBerlin questionnaireCardio-Respiratory monitoringEpworth sleepiness scaleObstructive sleep apneaType 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID41217666

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.