Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41217574›Full record

ArticleVeterinary research communications2025

Characteristics of Clostridium perfringens from sheep (Ovis aries) flocks in Northern China.

Shuo Liu, Wen-Xu Tan, Kai-Meng Shang, Li Guo, Quan Zhao, Hong-Bo Ni, Bei-Ni Chen, Xing Yang, Xiao-Xuan Zhang

Abstract read
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Article in Veterinary research communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Shuo Liu *College of Life Sciences, Changchun Sci-Tech University, 130600, Shuangyang, Jilin Province, PR China.
Wen-Xu Tan *Heilongjiang Provincial Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, 150069, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, PR China.
Kai-Meng ShangCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, 266109, Qingdao, Shandong Province, PR China.
Li GuoAnimal Science and Technology College, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, 132101, Jilin, Jilin Province, PR China.
Quan ZhaoCollege of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, 130118, Changchun, Jilin Province, PR China.
Hong-Bo NiCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, 266109, Qingdao, Shandong Province, PR China.
Bei-Ni ChenCollege of Life Sciences, Changchun Sci-Tech University, 130600, Shuangyang, Jilin Province, PR China. xihani@126.com.
Xing YangDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Dali University, 671000, Dali, Yunnan Province, PR China. yang08220013@163.com.
Xiao-Xuan ZhangCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, 266109, Qingdao, Shandong Province, PR China. zhangxiaoxuan1988@126.com.

Funding

Shandong Province Higher Education Institutions "Youth Innovation Team Plan" 2022KJ169
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Clostridium perfringens is a major pathogen threatening livestock health. This study investigated the antimicrobial resistance and genomic features of C. perfringens isolates from sheep in northern China. From October 2023 to June 2024, 70 strains were isolated from 467 fecal samples collected in Jilin, Heilongjiang, Liaoning, and Shandong provinces, with an overall isolation rate of 15.0%. The rate was significantly higher in diarrheic samples (18.07%) than in non-diarrheic ones (11.5%). Toxin gene typing identified 67.1% of isolates as type A and 32.9% as type D. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that 94.3% of isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic, with the highest resistance to gentamicin (GEN, 78.6%). Whole-genome sequencing identified seven classes of antimicrobial resistance, comprising 59 resistance genes. Additionally, 121 virulence-associated genes belonging to eight virulence factor categories were detected. Spearman correlation analysis revealed strong negative correlations between ARGs and VFGs in C. perfringens, including ErmQ vs. nagI (r_s = -1) and tetB(P) vs. cpe (r_s = -1), all remaining significant after multiple testing correction. These results suggest an adaptive trade-off in which resistance may be prioritized over virulence, highlighting a potential intrinsic antagonism between resistance and pathogenicity. Overall, C. perfringens isolates from sheep exhibit high resistance and genetic diversity, highlighting the importance of surveillance and prudent antimicrobial use to reduce potential public health risks.

Indexed as

Clostridium InfectionsClostridium perfringensSheep DiseasesAnimalsAnti-Bacterial AgentsChinaDiarrheaDrug Resistance, BacterialFecesMicrobial Sensitivity TestsSheepAnti-Bacterial AgentsAntimicrobial resistanceClostridium perfringensNorthern ChinaSheep farmingToxinWhole genome analysis

Identifiers

PMID41217574

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.