Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41217456›Full record

ArticleNaunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology2026

Development and evaluation of an in situ gelling flurbiprofen throat spray for enhanced mucosal drug delivery and throat inflammation treatment.

Vaishali Thacker, Dhruvi Prajapati, Lamya Ahmed Al-Keridis, Bhupendra G Prajapati, Lalit Lata Jha, Mohd Adnan, Nawaf Alshammari, Mitesh Patel, Meenakshi B Patel

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Article in Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Vaishali ThackerBabaria Institute of Pharmacy, Varnama, Vadodara, Gujarat, 391240, India.
Dhruvi PrajapatiDepartment of Quality Assurance, School of Pharmacy, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, 391760, India.
Lamya Ahmed Al-KeridisDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia.
Bhupendra G PrajapatiDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Parul Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, 391760, India.
Lalit Lata JhaDepartment of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Parul University, Waghodia, Vadodara, Gujarat, 391760, India.
Mohd AdnanDepartment of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha'il, P.O. Box 2440, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia.
Nawaf AlshammariDepartment of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha'il, P.O. Box 2440, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia.
Mitesh PatelResearch and Development Cell, Parul University, Waghodia, Vadodara, Gujarat, 391760, India. patelmeet15@gmail.com.
Meenakshi B PatelDepartment of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Parul University, Waghodia, Vadodara, Gujarat, 391760, India. meenakshi.patel24771@paruluniversity.ac.in.

Funding

Deanship of Scientific Research, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University PNURSP2025R82
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The aim of this study was to develop and assess an in situ gelling-based throat spray formulation. containing flurbiprofen, designed to transform into a gel upon contact with the mucosal surface of the throat. Oral administration of medications during throat inflammation can be challenging, prompting the need for alternative delivery methods such as throat sprays. Conventional throat sprays are limited by rapid drug clearance due to excessive secretions. In. situ gelling systems aim to address this limitation by forming a protective gel layer upon application, thereby enhancing drug residence time and therapeutic efficacy. This research aimed to evaluate the feasibility, efficacy, and potential advantages of an in situ gelling formulation for delivering flurbiprofen to alleviate throat pain and inflammation. Preliminary studies were performed to select formulation components, and drug-excipient compatibility was assessed using the Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR) spectroscopy. Container compatibility studies were also conducted. The formulation was optimized using a 3

Indexed as

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-SteroidalDrug Delivery SystemsFlurbiprofenPharyngitisAdministration, OralAnimalsDrug LiberationExcipientsGelsMalePoloxamerAnti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-SteroidalExcipientsFlurbiprofenGelsPoloxamerAnti-inflammatoryFlurbiprofenIn situ gelThroat inflammationThroat spray

Identifiers

PMID41217456

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.