ArticleJHLT open2025
Heart-lung transplantation-global activity between 2003 and 2023, indications and outcomes.
Article in JHLT open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Global strategies to improve equitable access to heart and lung transplantation- ISHLT Consortium Report.JHLT open · 2026Review
- Epidemiology of medical emergency team calls in patients undergoing lung transplantation.JHLT open · 2026Article
- Bridging strategies for heart-lung transplantation: Current concepts and mechanical support modalities.JHLT open · 2026Review
- An international perspective on allocation rules for combined heart-lung transplantation.JHLT open · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Historically, heart-lung transplantation (HLTx) was the primary treatment for end-stage cardiopulmonary disease. However, advancements in surgery and postoperative care have increasingly enabled the use of bilateral lung transplantation (LTx) instead. This article reviews recent global trends, indications, and outcomes of HLTx. Methods: Global transplant activity was analyzed using data from the European Committee on Organ Transplantation (CD-P-TO). Outcome data were drawn from international registries. Results: From 2003 to 2023, 103 countries reported transplant activity to CD-P-TO, covering a population that grew from 3.22 to 6.07 billion. Between 2019 and 2023, 27 countries reported performing HLTx, with 94 to 108 procedures annually worldwide-equivalent to 0.02 per million population (pmp). In comparison, isolated heart and lung transplants occurred at 1.42-1.75 pmp and 1.05-1.39 pmp, respectively.In Europe, HLTx rates declined from 0.15-0.16 pmp (2003-2008) to 0.04-0.06 pmp (2019-2023). In the U.S., while in the US it slightly increased from 0.08-0.13 pmp to 0.13-0.16 pmp. Pulmonary vascular disease is now the leading indication for HLTx, with recipients averaging 15 years younger than those undergoing isolated thoracic transplants.One-year survival after HLTx is still lower than LTx but slowly increasing. Long-term survival improves in those surviving the first year is better in comparison to isolated LTx. Conclusion: HLTx is currently performed in about one-quarter of reporting countries, accounting for just 1.3%-1.6% of thoracic transplant volume. Despite lower early survival, younger HLTx recipients who survive the initial year show promising long-term outcomes.
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