ArticleOpen medicine (Warsaw, Poland)2025
CSF2 polarized neutrophils and invaded renal cancer cells
Article in Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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5 authors.
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Abstract
Objective: To investigate the role and underlying mechanisms of colony-stimulating factor 2 (CSF2) in the progression of kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC). Methods: Transcriptomic and clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas were analyzed to assess the correlation between CSF2 expression, clinicopathological features, and patient prognosis. A neutrophil-tumor co-culture system was established to examine the effects of CSF2 on neutrophil polarization, tumor cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and autophagy. Protein expression was evaluated by flow cytometry, Western blot, and immunofluorescence. PD-L1 knockout and autophagy inhibitors (3-methyladenine and chloroquine) were used to explore regulatory mechanisms. Results: CSF2 expression was significantly upregulated in KIRC tissues and was positively associated with advanced tumor stage and poor prognosis. Conclusion: CSF2 promotes KIRC progression through PD-L1-mediated neutrophil polarization and autophagy activation, representing a potential therapeutic target.
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