Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41216173›Full record

ArticleSurgical neurology international2025

Prevalence of and risk factors for depression, anxiety, and burnout in U.S. neurosurgery residents.

Sherwin Andrew Tavakol, Samia Nawaz, Nangorgo Jean Oumar Coulibaly, Randaline Barnett, Miri Kim, Radmehr Torabi, Andrew Jea, Hakeem J Shakir

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Article in Surgical neurology international, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Sherwin Andrew TavakolDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, United States.
Samia NawazDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California Los Angeles, Semel Institute for Neuroscience, Los Angeles, United States.
Nangorgo Jean Oumar CoulibalyDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, United States.
Randaline BarnettDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, United States.
Miri KimDepartment of Neurosurgery, Ben and Catherine Ivy Center for Advanced Brain Tumor Treatment, Seattle, United States.
Radmehr TorabiDepartment of Neurosurgery, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, United States.
Andrew JeaDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, United States.
Hakeem J ShakirDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, United States.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: There are no published data on what drives depression/anxiety in U.S. neurosurgery residents. We aimed to characterize the prevalence of and risk/protective factors for depression, anxiety, and burnout in this population. Methods: A cross-sectional study analyzing responses to a 28-question survey (including patient health questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9] and generalized anxiety disorder-7 [GAD-7] screening questions) from March to May 2023 distributed to U.S. neurosurgery residents. PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores >5 defined at least mild depression/anxiety, respectively. Results: One hundred responses were included. Forty-six percent screened positive for at least mild depression, 41% for at least mild anxiety, and 45% reported feeling burnout. Strikingly, 10% of residents endorsed thoughts of self-harm/suicide. On multivariate analysis, risk factors for mild depression included female gender (OR = 4.3; Conclusion: Nearly half of the participants screened positive for depression, anxiety, and burnout, while 10% recently had suicidal thoughts. Overall, female gender, being on a neurosurgical service, and junior residency were risk factors associated with depression, anxiety, and/or burnout. By contrast, department-sponsored wellness, being married, and protected didactic time were protective against one or multiple of these mental health disorders.

Indexed as

AnxietyDepressionDoctor wellnessMental health disorderNeurosurgery residencyPhysician burnout

Identifiers

PMID41216173
PMCPMC12596777

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.