Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41216155›Full record

ArticleSurgical neurology international2025

Safety and efficacy of phrenic nerve stimulation: A case series at the University of Oklahoma and review of the international literature.

Kishore Balasubramanian, Xiaochun Zhao, Abdurrahman Fayez Kharbat, Marianne Kimmell, Maida Hafiz, Houssein Youness, Andrew Jea

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Surgical neurology international, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Kishore BalasubramanianCollege of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, United States.
Xiaochun ZhaoDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Oklahoma, United States.
Abdurrahman Fayez KharbatDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Oklahoma, United States.
Marianne KimmellDepartment of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Oklahoma, United States.
Maida HafizInterventional Pulmonary Program, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Oklahoma, United States.
Houssein YounessInterventional Pulmonary Program, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Oklahoma, United States.
Andrew JeaDepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate outcomes of phrenic nerve stimulation (PNS) in a patient cohort, review current literature, and propose patient candidacy criteria to ensure that therapeutic effects of PNS are maximized. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review at a Level 1 trauma center between January 1, 2020, and October 7, 2024, to assess outcomes of pediatric and adult patients who underwent PNS implantation. To identify relevant studies on PNS, we used PubMed to conduct a literature search. Results: The cohort consisted of 10 patients with 13 PNS implantation procedures. Ages ranged from 12 to 68 years (median, 19 years). Spinal cord injury (SCI) was the most common diagnosis ( Conclusion: PNS can be an effective method for achieving ventilator independence in carefully selected patients, particularly those with high cervical SCIs. However, its efficacy in NDDs appears limited. PNS appears to be most effective in a specific subset of individuals, which suggests that proper patient selection is a key element to the success of this procedure. While PNS shows promise, larger controlled studies are needed to establish the long-term efficacy and safety profile of this procedure across various patient populations.

Indexed as

Diaphragm reanimationNeurodegenerative diseasePhrenic nerve stimulationRespiratory insufficiencySpinal cord injury

Identifiers

PMID41216155
PMCPMC12596816

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.