Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41216138›Full record

ArticlePreventive medicine reports2025

Trends in influenza vaccine disparities in the U.S. following the introduction of COVID-19: Insights from the national health interview survey.

Margaret L Lind, Emily Goldmann, Gregory S Lalonde

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Preventive medicine reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Trial
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Margaret L LindDepartment of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Emily GoldmannDepartment of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Gregory S LalondeDepartment of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objectives: Seasonal influenza vaccination coverage in the US remains below the Healthy People 2030 goal of 70 % and differs by race and ethnicity. This study examines the impact of flu risk factors and healthcare access on racial and ethnic disparities in coverage. Methods: We estimated vaccination coverage among the US population (≥6 months) using 2020-2023 National Health Interview Survey data collected August-June. Coverage was estimated via Kaplan Meier analysis and self-reported vaccination between July and May in the prior 12 months. Results: In the analytic sample ( Conclusions: Despite notable gains among historically unvaccinated populations, disparities persisted and coverage among non-Hispanic Black people remained substantially below the Healthy People 2030 goal. Study findings suggest that addressing financial barriers and targeted messaging may help improve uptake.

Indexed as

DisparitiesFlu seasonFlu vaccineInfluenza vaccineRace

Identifiers

PMID41216138
PMCPMC12597046

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.