Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41216072›Full record

ReviewCureus2025

Bridging the Gap: A Systematic Review of Digital Consent Tools to Enhance Participation and Procedures in Low-Resource Settings.

Kiranjot Kaur, Raja Waqas, Harleen Kaur, Mashal Mumtaz, Nimrah Majeed, Shabeh E Roshan Ali, Kinza Ali, Shenouda Shehata Abdelmesih, Lubna Rehman

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Kiranjot KaurGeneral Practice, US Navy, United States Military, Great Lakes, USA.
Raja WaqasRegulatory Sciences and Health Safety, Arizona State University, Arizona, USA.
Harleen KaurInternal Medicine, Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, Dehradun, IND.
Mashal MumtazInternal Medicine, University College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Lahore, Lahore, PAK.
Nimrah MajeedGeneral Medicine, Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi, PAK.
Shabeh E Roshan AliGeneral Medicine, Cavan and Monaghan Hospital, Cavan, IRL.
Kinza AliMedicine and Surgery, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, PAK.
Shenouda Shehata AbdelmesihOrthopedics and Traumatology, Khoula Hospital, Muscat, OMN.
Lubna RehmanGeneral Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Civil Hospital Karachi, Karachi, PAK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Informed consent is central to ethical clinical research, yet traditional paper-based processes are often lengthy, complex, and literacy-dependent, disproportionately disadvantaging participants in low-resource settings. This review assessed the role of digital consent tools (e-consent) in enhancing comprehension, satisfaction, and documentation quality in low-resource settings, while also examining barriers, facilitators, and scalability. Given the small number of studies identified, findings should be interpreted as preliminary. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane were searched up to August 2025 for randomized and non-randomized trials, observational studies, pilot projects, and systematic or scoping reviews comparing e-consent with traditional methods. Risk of bias was assessed using ROBINS-I for non-randomized studies, AMSTAR-2 for systematic reviews, and the JBI tool for scoping reviews, with findings synthesized narratively. Ultimately, only six studies met the inclusion criteria, underscoring the limited evidence base in this area. Multimedia, offline tablet-based, web-based, and AI-assisted e-consent platforms consistently improved comprehension and satisfaction, while documentation errors decreased markedly in low-resource contexts. Effects on enrollment were mixed, with outcomes influenced by trial protocols and platform usability. Reported barriers included low digital literacy, connectivity challenges, and heterogeneity of tools, whereas facilitators included multilingual adaptability, offline compatibility, and integration into clinical workflows. Overall, e-consent demonstrates strong potential to reduce inequities in the consent process, provided systems are adapted to local cultural, literacy, and infrastructural contexts and aligned with international regulatory standards.

Indexed as

digital consente-consentinformed consentlow-resource settingsparticipation

Identifiers

PMID41216072
PMCPMC12596901

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.