Impact of kynurenine metabolites on B and T cells in multiple sclerosis and allergies.

Chronic inflammation is central to both multiple sclerosis (MS) and allergic conditions, though their pathological outcomes differ. In MS, inflammation leads to demyelination and neurodegeneration in the central nervous system, while in allergies, it causes localized tissue swelling and irritation. Emerging evidence suggests that heightened immune activity in allergies may influence or exacerbate inflammatory responses in MS, with some researchers proposing shared immunopathological mechanisms between allergic hyperactivity and the autoimmune processes underlying MS. The kynurenine pathway, a key route of tryptophan metabolism, has garnered attention for its role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative, psychiatric, vascular, and autoimmune diseases. Its metabolites are known to modulate neuroinflammation and immune responses, particularly through their effects on B and T lymphocytes, which are critical in adaptive immunity and autoimmune pathology. This article explores the influence of the kynurenine pathway on B and T lymphocyte function, aiming to determine its potential to provide deeper insights into immune dysregulation in chronic inflammation diseases. By understanding these interactions, we seek to evaluate the kynurenine pathway as a target for developing more effective therapeutic strategies for chronic inflammations and autoimmune conditions.