ReviewPediatrics international : official journal of the Japan Pediatric Society
Early-life exposures and child health outcomes: A narrative review of LSN21 research in Japan.
Review in Pediatrics international : official journal of the Japan Pediatric Society. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Early-life exposures and child health outcomes: A narrative review of LSN21 research in Japan.Pediatrics international : official journal of the Japan Pediatric SocietyReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe Longitudinal Survey of Newborns in the 21st Century (LSN21) tracks two Japanese national birth cohorts-2001 (baseline n = 47,010) and 2010 (n = 38,554)-from infancy through young adulthood, capturing parenting practices and family environments. Most studies analyze single exposures or outcomes. We conducted a narrative review summarizing the findings published by the Okayama University group on diverse health and developmental outcomes.
methodsWe reviewed 59 LSN21 papers (2013-2025), extracting data on exposures, outcomes, and methods. Evidence was categorized into four exposure types (infant feeding, sleep, environmental, and perinatal) and three outcome domains (obesity, allergies/respiratory tract infections, and neurobehavioral development), including cohort comparisons.
resultsExclusive breastfeeding was associated with a lower obesity risk at ages 7 (adjusted odds ratio 0.55, 95% confidence interval 0.39-0.78) and 15, later puberty, and fewer hospitalizations. Short or irregular sleep before age 3 was linked to behavioral problems and injuries. Maternal smoking and prenatal air pollution were associated with respiratory conditions and developmental challenges. Preterm birth and small-for-gestational-age predicted delays, especially without catch-up growth by age 2. Pneumococcal vaccination likely contributed to declining otitis media after 2010. Additional findings included associations between outdoor play and reduced obesity risk, and complex relationships between breastfeeding and food allergies that varied by infantile eczema status.
conclusionsLSN21 findings highlight modifiable early-life factors (breastfeeding, sleep patterns, and smoke-free environments) and identify preterm and growth-restricted children for priority monitoring. While LSN21's strength lies in longitudinal social assessments, complementary perspectives from other Japanese cohorts could enhance understanding of biological mechanisms and intergenerational effects.
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Registered trials
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