Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41214901›Full record

ArticleAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2026

Development of Teleoperated Robotic System for Remote Intraocular Microsurgery.

Andi Xu, Zhangkai Lian, Wenben Chen, Yanlin Li, Jiali Liu, Hongli Liang, Rihui Song, Zikai Lin, Mingyuan Li, Yining Huang and 21 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. A Review of Robotic Surgery: Engineering Considerations and Future Directions From Surgeons' Perspectives.The international journal of medical robotics + computer assisted surgery : MRCAS · 2026
    Review
  3. Development of Teleoperated Robotic System for Remote Intraocular Microsurgery.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

31 authors.

Andi XuZhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, WHO Collaborating Centre for Eye Care and Vision, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510623, China.
Zhangkai LianZhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, WHO Collaborating Centre for Eye Care and Vision, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510623, China.
Wenben ChenZhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, WHO Collaborating Centre for Eye Care and Vision, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510623, China.
Yanlin LiSchool of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
Jiali LiuZhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, WHO Collaborating Centre for Eye Care and Vision, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510623, China.
Hongli LiangSchool of Artificial Intelligence, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China.
Rihui SongSchool of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
Zikai LinZhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, WHO Collaborating Centre for Eye Care and Vision, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510623, China.
Mingyuan LiZhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, WHO Collaborating Centre for Eye Care and Vision, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510623, China.
Yining HuangZhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, WHO Collaborating Centre for Eye Care and Vision, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510623, China.
Ling JinZhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, WHO Collaborating Centre for Eye Care and Vision, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510623, China.
Zheming ZhangZhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, WHO Collaborating Centre for Eye Care and Vision, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510623, China.
Xiaoyue WeiZhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, WHO Collaborating Centre for Eye Care and Vision, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510623, China.
Bingqian LiuZhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, WHO Collaborating Centre for Eye Care and Vision, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510623, China.
Wei MaZhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, WHO Collaborating Centre for Eye Care and Vision, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510623, China.
Tao LiZhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, WHO Collaborating Centre for Eye Care and Vision, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510623, China.
Hang ShaoJiaxing Key Laboratory of Visual Big Data and Artificial Intelligence, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, 314006, China.
Wei LiuJiaxing Key Laboratory of Visual Big Data and Artificial Intelligence, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, 314006, China.
Kun GaoJiaxing Key Laboratory of Visual Big Data and Artificial Intelligence, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, 314006, China.
Xin ZhangJiaxing Key Laboratory of Visual Big Data and Artificial Intelligence, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, 314006, China.
Pisong YanZhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, WHO Collaborating Centre for Eye Care and Vision, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510623, China.
Ruiyang LiZhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, WHO Collaborating Centre for Eye Care and Vision, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510623, China.
Ruixin WangZhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, WHO Collaborating Centre for Eye Care and Vision, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510623, China.
Xiaohang WuZhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, WHO Collaborating Centre for Eye Care and Vision, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510623, China.
Duoru LinZhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, WHO Collaborating Centre for Eye Care and Vision, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510623, China.
Xiang ChenZhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, WHO Collaborating Centre for Eye Care and Vision, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510623, China.
Jinghui WangHainan Eye Hospital and Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Haikou, 570311, China.
Xingwu ZhongHainan Eye Hospital and Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Haikou, 570311, China.
Mohammad Ali NasseriSchool of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany.
Kai HuangSchool of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
Haotian LinZhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, WHO Collaborating Centre for Eye Care and Vision, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, 510623, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4672-9721

Funding

Basic Scientific Research Projects of Sun Yat-sen University 23ykcxqt002China Postdoctoral Science Foundation 2023M744033Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation 2024A1515012001Hainan Province Clinical Medical CenterKey Technologies Research and Development Program 2023YFB4503703National Natural Science Foundation of China 62232008National Natural Science Foundation of China 82171035National Natural Science Foundation of China 82301266National Natural Science Foundation of China 92368205Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF GZB20230896Science and Technology Development Fund, Macau SAR 0010/2023/AKPScience and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province 2018B010109008
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Microsurgery has revolutionized modern surgery through its precision and favorable outcomes, but it remains limited by operational difficulty and the scarcity of skilled surgeons. Advances in robotics and communication technology have enabled the development of robotic telesurgery, with the goal of eliminating healthcare disparities. However, insufficiencies regarding system precision, surgical image transmission quality, and operational latency have made remote microsurgery challenging, particularly in intraocular microsurgery. A teleoperated robotic system is presented, featuring micrometer-scale precision and remote center of motion design, to ensure safety and flexibility within the confined operating space of the vitreous cavity. To validate its feasibility and safety, a randomized multicenter study is conducted involving in vivo subretinal injections in 51 pigmented rabbits. Surgeons using teleoperated system achieve nearly twice the first-attempt success rate and significantly fewer surgical complications than manual surgery. Furthermore, the system's versatility is showcased by successfully removing microscale intraocular foreign bodies in 15 porcine eyes and the communication stability is validated in multicenter remote surgeries, including procedures across the Qiongzhou Strait. These findings establish the system's safety, reliability, and versatility for performing remote intraocular procedures, highlighting its potential of remote microsurgery to improve surgical outcomes and broaden access to specialized care.

Indexed as

MicrosurgeryOphthalmologic Surgical ProceduresRobotic Surgical ProceduresAnimalsRabbitsSwineTelemedicineintraocular surgeryremote microsurgerysurgical robottelemedicine

Identifiers

PMID41214901
PMCPMC12866789

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.