Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41214825›Full record

ArticleBMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation2025

Relationships between sport-specific tests and their validity in predicting the time-motion profile in international taekwondo matches.

Gennaro Apollaro, Marco Panascì, Emerson Franchini, Gabriele Morganti, Piero Ruggeri, Coral Falcó, Emanuela Faelli

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07656064 (The Relationship Between Relative Impact Force and Jumping Performance in Taekwondo Athletes), which is not on this map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07656064 nacompletednot on this map

The Relationship Between Relative Impact Force and Jumping Performance in Taekwondo Athletes

TypeinterventionalSponsorBayburt UniversityRan2025 to 2026Enrolled32ConditionsThe Study Focuses on National Taekwondo Athletes, Rather Than a Specific Disease or Medical ConditionArmsPerformance Assessment Protocol
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Gennaro ApollaroDepartment of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
Marco PanascìCentro Polifunzionale di Scienze Motorie, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy.
Emerson FranchiniMartial Arts and Combat Sports Research Group, Sport Department, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Gabriele MorgantiDepartment of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy.
Piero RuggeriCentro Polifunzionale di Scienze Motorie, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy.
Coral Falcó *Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway. coral.falco@hvl.no.
Emanuela Faelli *Centro Polifunzionale di Scienze Motorie, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe Frequency Speed of Kick Test (FSKT) and the Progressive Specific Taekwondo Test (PSTT) are among the most used sport-specific tests in taekwondo. This study aimed to: (i) investigate the relationship between sport-specific anaerobic (FSKT) and aerobic (PSTT) performance; (ii) evaluate these tests' validity in predicting the time-motion profile in official matches.

methodsSixteen national/international-level taekwondo athletes participated in this study. The FSKT and the PSTT were performed on consecutive days. Within the following 1-3 weeks, athletes competed in an international competition. Videos of each athlete's first combat of the day were analyzed for time-motion analysis, including thirty-two performances (tested athletes and respective opponents), with a total of 2988 actions.

resultsMultiple FSKT performance was correlated with aerobic power (Rho [ρ] = 0.730-0.759 [95% CI: 0.352-0.914], p ≤ 0.013) and capacity (ρ = -0.606 [95% CI: -0.852 - -0.141], p = 0.013) indicators of the PSTT. Time-motion indexes were correlated (ρ = 0.756-1.000 [95% CI: 0.402-1.000], p < 0.001) and the activity profile did not differ (p > 0.05) between tested athletes and their opponents. No significant relationship emerged between FSKT performances and time-motion indexes (ρ = -0.442-0.396 [95% CI: -0.776-0.753, p > 0.05), as well as between PSTT indicators and time-motion indexes (ρ = -0.462-0.462 [95% CI: -0.786-0.786], p > 0.05).

conclusionsThe pattern of correlations emerged between sport-specific performances suggests that the dynamics of interaction between anaerobic and aerobic metabolism are crucial for maintaining the short and intermittent kicking actions. The rhythm of the first combat of the day, generated by the technical-tactical dynamics, justifies the inability to predict high- and low-intensity actions from the physical fitness variables. However, both the time-motion indexes and tests' performance allow for the prescription of specific trainings. Time-motion indexes could be used to structure sport-specific high-intensity interval training (HIIT), while the ten seconds FSKT performance and the capacity and power indicators of the PSTT (i.e., kick frequency at the heart rate deflection point and maximal kick frequency, respectively) could be used to prescribe HIIT with short and long intervals.

Indexed as

Combat sportsCompetitionFSKTPhysical testsPredictive criterion validityTime-motion analysis

Identifiers

PMID41214825
PMCPMC12599103

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.