Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41214292›Full record

Trial reportPediatric research2026

Time to regain birthweight and in-hospital outcomes among United States-born extremely preterm newborns.

Gregory C Valentine, Olivia C Brandon, Krystle M Perez, Katie M Strobel, Dennis E Mayock, Janessa B Law, Sara Neches, Kendell German, Sarah Kolnik, Patrick J Heagerty and 2 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract readMulticenter StudyRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Pediatric research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01378273 (Preterm Erythropoietin Neuroprotection Trial), which is not on this map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT01378273 phase3completednot on this map

Preterm Erythropoietin Neuroprotection Trial (PENUT Trial)

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of WashingtonRan2013 to 2020Enrolled941ConditionsExtreme PrematurityArmsEpo, Control
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Gregory Valentine: ECI biocommentary.Pediatric research · 2026
    Article
  2. Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Gregory C ValentineDivision of Neonatology, University of Washington/Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA. gcvalent@uw.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3055-2987
Olivia C BrandonDivision of Neonatology, University of Washington/Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA.
Krystle M PerezDivision of Neonatology, University of Washington/Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA.
Katie M StrobelDivision of Neonatology, University of Washington/Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7717-0425
Dennis E MayockDivision of Neonatology, University of Washington/Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA.
Janessa B LawDivision of Neonatology, University of Washington/Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA.
Sara NechesDivision of Neonatology, University of Washington/Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA.
Kendell GermanDivision of Neonatology, University of Washington/Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA.
Sarah KolnikDivision of Neonatology, University of Washington/Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA.
Patrick J HeagertyDepartment of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Thomas R WoodDivision of Neonatology, University of Washington/Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1130-2720
Sandra E JuulDivision of Neonatology, University of Washington/Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6861-6229

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundTime to regain birthweight (time-to-regain) includes subcomponents of time from birth to weight loss nadir (birth-to-nadir), time from weight loss nadir to regain birthweight (nadir-to-regain), and cumulative weight loss (CWL; sum of daily percent weight loss from birthweight until regain), yet relationship with in-hospital outcomes remains unknown.

methodsWe performed a secondary analysis of the multicenter Preterm Erythropoietin Neuroprotection (PENUT) Trial including extremely preterm (EP) newborns at 24w0d-27w6d gestation at birth evaluating time-to-regain and its subcomponents with in-hospital adverse outcomes.

resultsAmong n = 876 EP newborns, time-to-regain was not significantly associated with in-hospital outcomes. CWL had a U-shaped distribution with >2.5-fold increased odds of NEC for those without weight loss and moderate or severe CWL when compared with mild CWL (>0 to -23 percent-days). Increasing birth-to-nadir was associated with increased odds of NEC (linear trend analysis aOR 1.33, 95% CI 1.05, 1.69). Total fluid intake and time-to-regain are directly related, with total fluid intake strongly associated with markers of severity of illness.

conclusionsAmong EP neonates, time-to-regain is not associated with in-hospital outcomes and is most associated with severity of illness metrics. CWL and birth-to-nadir appear to be more optimal nutritional and fluid status metrics.

trial registrationThis study is a post-hoc secondary analysis of pre-existing data from the PENUT Trial (NCT #01378273). PENUT Trial Registration: NCT01378273. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01378273 . IMPACT: Time to regain birthweight was not associated with in-hospital adverse outcomes, yet cumulative weight loss is significantly associated with necrotizing enterocolitis and is related to long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes. Time to regain birthweight does not appear to be an optimal metric of nutritional or hydration status among extremely preterm newborns. Cumulative weight loss's relation to both in-hospital and long-term outcomes suggest it is a more promising indicator of optimal nutrition and hydration status. These findings point to the need to revisit current expert recommendations stating that prolonged time to regain birthweight among preterm neonates is a metric of malnutrition; instead, cumulative weight loss may be a more ideal metric.

Indexed as

Birth WeightInfant, Extremely PrematureWeight GainEnterocolitis, NecrotizingFemaleGestational AgeHumansInfant, NewbornMaleTime FactorsUnited StatesWeight Loss

Identifiers

PMID41214292

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.