Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41214289›Full record

ArticlePediatric research2026

Genetic susceptibility to necrotizing enterocolitis in very preterm infants: evidence from twin data.

Ruimiao Bai, Xiang Chen, Siyuan Jiang, Yan Mo, Aimin Qian, Yun Cao, Lizhong Du, Shoo Kim Lee, LiYuan Hu, Jie Yang and 5 more

Abstract readTwin Study
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Pediatric research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Ruimiao Bai *Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Xiang Chen *Department of Neonatology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Siyuan JiangDepartment of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Yan MoNeonatal Medical Center, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China.
Aimin QianDepartment of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Yun CaoDepartment of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Lizhong DuNeonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
Shoo Kim LeeMaternal-Infants Care Research Centre and Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
LiYuan HuDepartment of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Jie YangNHC Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Fudan University, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Yajun LiDepartment of Neonatology, Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
Xiaoping LeiDivision of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, Luzhou, China.
Lijuan LuoDivision of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, Luzhou, China. cherish2529@126.com.
Wenhao ZhouGuangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, National Children's Medical Center for South Central Region, Guangzhou, China. zwhchfu@126.com.
Chinese Neonatal Network

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundNecrotising enterocolitis (NEC) is a significant complication for very preterm infants (VPIs). The role of genetic predisposition in the development of NEC among VPIs has not been firmly established. This study aimed to explore the heritability factors in NEC among VPIs.

methodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted on 4138 infants from 2069 twin pairs. Twins were categorised based on chorionicity.Chi-square analyses were conducted to compare the incidence of NEC between monochorionic and dichorionic twin pairs. The Pearson chi-square test and ACE modelling appropriate for analysing twin cohorts were utilised. Stratified analyses were conducted for early-onset and late-onset NEC, surgical NEC, and NEC in different gestational age groups.

resultsThe overall incidence of NEC was 5%. No significant difference was observed between monochorionic and dichorionic twins. ACE modelling revealed no contribution of heritability to NEC risk (% A = 0.00%, 95% CI [0.00%, 0.07%]). Stratified analyses for early-onset and late-onset NEC, surgical NEC, and NEC in different gestational age groups (GA < 28 weeks and 28

conclusionOur findings suggest that, under the current conditions of medical practice, heritability does not play a major role in the development of NEC. IMPACT: NEC is a significant and potentially life-threatening complication in very preterm infants (VPIs). Previous studies have suggested a potential genetic susceptibility to NEC, although the evidence has been inconsistent. Genetic heritability does not play a major role in the development of NEC. Stratified analyses for early-onset and late-onset NEC, surgical NEC, and different gestational age groups also confirmed the lack of significant genetic influence. Our findings suggest that attention should be given to the risk factors contributing to the occurrence of NEC and that efforts should be made to improve the level of clinical treatment.

Indexed as

Enterocolitis, NecrotizingGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseFemaleGestational AgeHumansIncidenceInfant, Extremely PrematureInfant, NewbornInfant, PrematureMaleRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsTwins, DizygoticTwins, Monozygotic

Identifiers

PMID41214289

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.