ArticleNature aging2025
Multilingualism protects against accelerated aging in cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of 27 European countries.
Article in Nature aging, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trial
- Speech clocks decode dementia phenotypes, social exposome, and biological aging.Science advances · 2026Article
- Does Multilingualism Shape Aging Equally Across Populations?Journal of immigrant and minority health · 2026Article
- The include network: Advancing cross-linguistic equity in brain health research.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Source-space EEG alpha activity reveals brain age gaps due to neurodegeneration and disparity.Communications biology · 2026Article
- The exposome of brain aging across 34 countries.Nature medicine · 2026Article
- Scientific knowledge about dementia: From the Global South to the world.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Review
- Childhood adversities and the exposome in dementia risk and brain health.Current opinion in psychiatry · 2026Review
- Expotype-phenotype resilience and multimodal aging clocks.Clinical and translational medicine · 2026Article
- Computational whole-body-exposome models for global precision brain health.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Want a younger brain? Learn another language.Nature · 2025Article
- A multilingual guide to slowing aging.Nature aging · 2025Article
- Biological sex and bilingualism: Its impact on risk and resilience for dementia.Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands)Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
20 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Aging trajectories are influenced by modifiable risk factors, and prior evidence has hinted that multilingualism may have protective potential. However, reliance on suboptimal health markers, small samples, inadequate confounder control and a focus on clinical cohorts led to mixed findings and limited applicability to healthy populations. Here, we developed biobehavioral age gaps, quantifying delayed or accelerated aging in 86,149 participants across 27 European countries. National surveys provided individual-level positive (functional ability, education, cognition) and adverse (cardiometabolic conditions, female sex, sensory impairments) factors, while country-level multilingualism served as an aggregate exposure. Biobehavioral factors predicted age (R
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.