Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41213992›Full record

ArticleNature communications2025

How crystallization additives govern halide perovskite grain growth.

Timo Maschwitz, Lena Merten, Feray Ünlü, Martin Majewski, Fatemeh Haddadi Barzoki, Zijin Wu, Seren Dilara Öz, Cedric Kreusel, Manuel Theisen, Pang Wang and 31 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Stoichiometric MACl/PbClACS omega · 2026
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Performance Enhancement of All-Inorganic CsPbISmall (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. De Rerum Natura: How Do Halide Perovskites Self-Heal From Damage?Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

41 authors.

Timo Maschwitz *Institute of Electronic Devices, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany.
Lena Merten *Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9364-6948
Feray ÜnlüInstitute of Inorganic and Materials Chemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Martin MajewskiHelmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (HIERN), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Nürnberg, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0005-1387-0616
Fatemeh Haddadi BarzokiInorganic Chemistry III and Bavarian Center for Battery Technology (BayBatt), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.
Zijin WuMaterials Simulation & Modelling, Department of Applied Physics and Science Education, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
Seren Dilara ÖzChair for Material and Surface Analysis, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany.
Cedric KreuselInstitute of Electronic Devices, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany.
Manuel TheisenInstitute of Electronic Devices, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany.
Pang WangInstitute of Electronic Devices, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9666-1422
Maximilian SchifferInstitute of Electronic Devices, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany.
Gianluca BoccarellaInstitute of Electronic Devices, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany.
Gregor MariothInstitute of Electronic Devices, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany.
Henrik WeidnerInstitute of Electronic Devices, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany.
Sarah SchultheisInstitute of Electronic Devices, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany.
Tim SchiefersteinInstitute of Electronic Devices, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany.
Dawid GidaszewskiEindhoven Institute for Renewable Energy Systems (EIRES) Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
Zavkiddin JullievInstitute of Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Academy of Science of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
Ekaterina KneschaurekInstitute of Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0375-3695
Valentin MunteanuInstitute of Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Ivan ZaluzhnyyInstitute of Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5946-2777
Florian BertramDeutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany.
Anaël JaffrèsInstitute of Electrical and Microengineering (IEM), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Photovoltaics and Thin-Film Electronics Laboratory, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
Junjie HeInstitute of Electronic Devices, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany.
Nigmat AshurovInstitute of Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Academy of Science of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
Martin StolterfohtElectronic Engineering Department, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4023-2178
Christian M WolffInstitute of Electrical and Microengineering (IEM), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Photovoltaics and Thin-Film Electronics Laboratory, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7210-1869
Eva UngerHySPRINT Innovation Lab, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialen und Energie GmbH, Berlin, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3343-867X
Selina OlthofChair for Material and Surface Analysis, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany.
Geert BrocksMaterials Simulation & Modelling, Department of Applied Physics and Science Education, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
Shuxia TaoMaterials Simulation & Modelling, Department of Applied Physics and Science Education, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3658-8497
Helen GrüningerInorganic Chemistry III and Bavarian Center for Battery Technology (BayBatt), University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5422-7003
Olivier J J RonsinHelmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (HIERN), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Nürnberg, Germany.
Jens HartingHelmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (HIERN), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Nürnberg, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9200-6623
Andreas F KotthausDepartment of Organic Chemistry, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany. kotthaus@uni-wuppertal.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0006-9148-0514
Stefan F KirschDepartment of Organic Chemistry, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany.
Sanjay MathurInstitute of Inorganic and Materials Chemistry, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Alexander HinderhoferInstitute of Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. alexander.hinderhofer@uni-tuebingen.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8152-6386
Frank SchreiberInstitute of Applied Physics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3659-6718
Thomas RiedlInstitute of Electronic Devices, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany. t.riedl@uni-wuppertal.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1084-316X
Kai Oliver BrinkmannInstitute of Electronic Devices, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany. brinkmann@uni-wuppertal.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2124-3904

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The preparation of perovskite solar cells from the liquid phase is a cornerstone of their immense potential. However, a clear relationship between the precursor ink and the formation of the resulting perovskite is missing. Established theories, such as heterogeneous nucleation and lead complex colloid formation, often prove unreliable, which has led to an overreliance on heuristics. Most high-performing perovskites use additives to control crystallization. Their role during crystallization is, however, elusive. Here, we provide evidence that typical crystallization additives do not predominantly impact the nucleation phase but rather facilitate coarsening grain growth by increasing ion mobility across grain boundaries. Drawing from the insights of our broad, interdisciplinary study that combines ex and in situ characterization methods, devices, simulations, and density function theory calculation, we propose a concept that proves valid for various additives and perovskite formulations. Moreover, we establish a direct link between additive engineering and perovskite post-processing, offering a unified framework for advancing material design and process engineering.

Identifiers

PMID41213992
PMCPMC12603034

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