ArticleBMJ open2025
Risk of hepatitis B virus reactivation associated with interleukin inhibitor therapies: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Article in BMJ open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Hepatitis B Virus Reactivation Risk With IL-17, IL-23/IL-12, or JAK Inhibitors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2026Pooled it
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThe widespread application of interleukin (IL) inhibitors for various conditions, including gastrointestinal, rheumatologic, dermatologic and pulmonary diseases, has raised concerns regarding the potential for hepatitis B virus reactivation (HBVr). However, the precise risk of HBVr remains unclear due to inconsistencies in existing research. This systematic review aims to quantify the risk of HBVr in patients receiving IL inhibitor therapies. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This systematic review will follow Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A comprehensive search will be conducted in MEDLINE, PubMed, Google Scholar, CENTRAL, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science and ClinicalTrials.gov up to October 2025. Two reviewers will independently screen studies and extract data, resolving discrepancies by consensus. Eligible studies will include HBV-infected patients receiving IL inhibitors. HBVr rates will be estimated using a generalised linear mixed model with a binomial distribution, applying random-effects models to account for interstudy variability. Heterogeneity will be assessed using I², Cochran's Q and τ². Leave-one-out sensitivity analyses will evaluate robustness. Subgroup analyses will consider HBV serostatus, IL inhibitor type and study characteristics. Studies including patients on antiviral prophylaxis will be excluded from the primary analysis. A secondary analysis will assess prophylaxis efficacy in preventing HBVr according to hepatitis B surface antigen status. Publication bias will be evaluated using Doi plots and the Luis Furuya-Kanamori index. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study does not require ethics approval as it involves no patient-specific data. Findings will be disseminated at gastroenterology conferences and through peer-reviewed publications. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: The protocol is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024614179).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.