Biomechanical Risk Factors for Head Impact during Falls in Mountain Biking.

Rickie Ma, Sukhman Gosal, Freddie Kim, Gurvansh Mann, Stephen N Robinovitch

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Annals of biomedical engineering, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Rickie MaInjury Prevention and Mobility Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, B.C, V5A 1S6, Canada.

Sukhman GosalInjury Prevention and Mobility Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, B.C, V5A 1S6, Canada.

Freddie KimInjury Prevention and Mobility Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, B.C, V5A 1S6, Canada.

Gurvansh MannInjury Prevention and Mobility Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, B.C, V5A 1S6, Canada.

Stephen N RobinovitchInjury Prevention and Mobility Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, B.C, V5A 1S6, Canada. stever@sfu.ca.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3881-6227

Funding

Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada RGPIN-2022-04713

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeMost injuries in mountain biking (MTB), including traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), are caused by falls. Risk for TBI during a fall depends largely on whether impact occurs to the head. There is a lack of evidence on the frequency and risk factors for head impact during MTB falls. We addressed this knowledge gap by analyzing videos of real-life falls in recreational and competitive MTB.

methodsPublicly available video footage was collected from the internet of falls in recreational MTB (n = 150) and falls in competitive MTB (n = 150). Each video was analyzed using a structured questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to test whether the probability for head impact depended on demographic, situational, and environmental factors.

resultsThe head was impacted in 52.0% of falls. The probability for head impact did not differ between recreational and competitive MTB. The odds for head impact increased by falling forward (OR 4.9; 95%CI:1.7-14.1), falling due to wheel slippage (3.1;1.6-6.0) and falling while executing a jump (2.2;1.1-4.5). The odds for head impact decreased by dismounting from the bicycle during descent (0.11; 0.02-0.59), and with increased rider age (0.96; 0.93-0.99 per year).

conclusionOver half of falls in MTB resulted in impact to the head, and risk for head impact depended on characteristics of the rider, and characteristics of the fall. By identifying the types of falls in MTB that are most likely associated with head impact, our results can guide skills training and improvements in the design of protective equipment and MTB trails.

Indexed as

Accidental FallsBicyclingBrain Injuries, TraumaticCraniocerebral TraumaAdolescentAdultAgedBiomechanical PhenomenaFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRisk FactorsCollisionsCrashesInjury mechanismsOff-road bicyclingTraumatic brain injuryVideo capture

Identifiers

PMID41212368

DOI10.1016/j.aap.2021.106264

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.