ArticleFrontiers in oncology2025
ChatGPT-4o, Gemini Advanced and DeepSeek R1 in preoperative decision-making for thyroid surgery: a comparative assessment with human surgeons.
Article in Frontiers in oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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11 authors.
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Abstract
The integration of large language models (LLMs) into surgical decision-making is an emerging field with potential clinical value. This study assessed the preoperative decision-making consistency of ChatGPT-4o, Gemini Advanced, and DeepSeek R1 in comparison with expert consensus, using clinical data from 123 patients undergoing thyroid surgery. Overall concordance rates were 47.97% for ChatGPT-4o, 24.39% for Gemini Advanced, and 56.10% for DeepSeek R1. In thyroidectomy extent decisions, all three models showed moderate consistency with the surgical team, with agreement rates of 61.79% (κ=0.484) for ChatGPT-4o, 67.48% (κ=0.548) for Gemini, and 67.48% (κ=0.535) for DeepSeek R1 (all p < 0.001). However, significant divergence was observed in lymph node dissection planning: ChatGPT-4o achieved a high concordance rate of 69.11% (κ=0.616), DeepSeek R1 showed the highest at 79.67% (κ=0.741), while Gemini's performance was relatively poor at 34.96% (κ=0.188). Though our findings demonstrate that ChatGPT-4o and DeepSeek R1 exhibit substantial agreement with experienced surgeons in preoperative planning, overall performance still leaves room for improvement. Nevertheless, model-specific variability-particularly in oncologic decision-making-highlights the need for refinement and robust clinical validation before widespread clinical adoption.
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