SynthesisFrontiers in oncology2025
Application of immunoPET imaging to enhance head and neck squamous cell carcinoma clinical management.
Synthesis in Frontiers in oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Pharmacological Targeting of Angiogenesis in Head and Neck Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Metabolic [¹⁸F]F-AraG PET imaging of T Cell activation: a functional complement to cell-specific immune tracers.EJNMMI research · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains a significant clinical challenge due to high recurrence, therapy resistance, and limited biomarkers. The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a critical role in determining treatment outcomes. Immuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET), which combines the specificity of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with the sensitivity of PET, offers non-invasive visualization of immune activity and guidance for treatment. This review summarizes the applications of immunoPET in HNSCC. Methods: Followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines, 1686 records were identified through searches of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science (January 1, 1999, to May 11, 2025). Only 11 studies on immunoPET in HNSCC met the inclusion criteria and were evaluated for imaging targets, radiotracers, injection approaches, and preclinical or clinical outcomes. Methodological quality was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) and the Systematic Review Center for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) tools. Results: Six preclinical and five clinical studies investigated five immune-related targets: programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), tenascin-C, the extra domain B (ED-B) of fibronectin, and cluster of differentiation 44 variant 6 (CD44v6). PD-L1 imaging demonstrated safety and feasibility but lacked predictive accuracy. EGFR imaging showed high preclinical receptor-specific specificity, whereas clinical performance revealed cetuximab tumor accessibility, which was undetectable by FDG PET, with significant variability between patients. Tenascin-C imaging was localized to tumors but missed some lymph node metastases. ED-B imaging visualized tumor angiogenesis and reliably predicted therapeutic biodistribution, while CD44v6 emerged as the most consistently evaluated and promising for clinical translation. Conclusion: ImmunoPET holds promise for patient stratification and early response monitoring in HNSCC. Evidence remains limited, primarily due to small cohorts, heterogeneous protocols, narrow target diversity, and reliance on long-lived tracers. Future research should broaden the immune target, optimize imaging protocols, and develop short-lived tracers (e.g.,
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