Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41211388›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in public health2025

Exploring health needs and the double burden of disease in adults attending public health facilities in the Iraqi Kurdistan.

Stefania Moramarco, Mariagrazia Cicala, Faiq B Basa, Gorgees S Akhshirsh, Antonia Bezenchek, Rafal S L Adhama, Bayar S Azeez, Sivar A Qadir, Shahla O Salih, Luma H H Alhanabadi and 5 more

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Article in Frontiers in public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Stefania MoramarcoDepartment of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
Mariagrazia CicalaDepartment of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
Faiq B BasaRizgary Teaching Hospital, Erbil, Iraq.
Gorgees S AkhshirshComputer Systems Engineering, Erbil, Iraq.
Antonia BezenchekInforma-PRO, Rome, Italy.
Rafal S L AdhamaRizgary Teaching Hospital, Erbil, Iraq.
Bayar S AzeezComputer Systems Engineering, Erbil, Iraq.
Sivar A QadirDirectorate of Health, Sulaimaniya, Iraq.
Shahla O SalihDepartment of Statistics and Informatics, University of Sulaimaniya, Sulaimaniya, Iraq.
Luma H H AlhanabadiPrimary Health Care Department, Preventive Health Affairs Directorate, Duhok, Iraq.
Iuri FantiEuResist Network GEIE, Rome, Italy.
Berivan A TofiqDirectorate of Health, Halabja, Iraq.
Daniele Di GiovanniDepartment of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
Leonardo Emberti GialloretiDepartment of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
Paola ScarcellaDepartment of Human Sciences, LUMSA University, Rome, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective: We analyzed the health needs of the adult population accessing public health facilities in the Iraqi Kurdistan, a region facing both demographic and epidemiological transitions while undergoing post-crisis recovery. We investigates the prevalence and distribution of communicable and non-communicable diseases using real-world data from a digital surveillance system. Methods: Data collected across public health centers (PHC) were extracted from the KRG-DHIS2 digital health platform. All records from adult patients were coded using the WHO ICD-10. Diagnoses were grouped into: Communicable, maternal, neonatal and nutritional diseases (CMNNDs), Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), Injuries, Ill-defined diseases. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, age-related trends and sex-specific comparisons. Results: A total of 1,040,695 health events were recorded (years 2016-2022) across 96 PHC: 899,173 were classified as either CMNNDs (41.1%) or NCDs (58.9%). Significant sex and age differences were observed across all major diagnostic categories. NCDs were more common in all age groups and increased significantly with age, while CMNNDs predominated among younger adults. Females accounted for 63.4% of all health events and exhibited higher rates of visits for endocrine, genitourinary, and hematologic conditions. Respiratory system diseases were the most common diagnoses across all ages, followed by genitourinary and digestive system diseases. Conclusion: This study provides critical evidence for understanding health service utilization and disease burden in Iraqi Kurdistan, using a real-time digital surveillance system. The findings confirm the presence of a double burden of disease in a population undergoing rapid transition and underscore the need for integrated, age-and sex-sensitive health interventions.

Indexed as

Communicable DiseasesCost of IllnessHealth FacilitiesHealth Services Needs and DemandNoncommunicable DiseasesAdolescentAdultAgedFemaleHumansIraqMaleMiddle AgedPrevalencePublic HealthYoung Adultcommunicable diseasesDHIS2double burden of diseaseepidemiological surveillanceIraqnon-communicable diseasespublic health records

Identifiers

PMID41211388
PMCPMC12589055

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.