SynthesisFrontiers in neurology2025
Effectiveness of respiratory muscle training in adults with multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Frontiers in neurology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Effects of respiratory muscle training on respiratory function, trunk control and fatigue in multiple sclerosis.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Aims: To systematically evaluate the effects of respiratory muscle training (RMT) on respiratory muscle strength, lung function, fatigue, and quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: Four electronic bibliographic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane) were searched from inception to August 26, 2024. The screened trials compared RMT with sham RMT as well as conventional care. Two authors independently extracted key information from the eligible studies. A risk of bias assessment was conducted for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-experimental (QE) studies using the RoB 2.0 and JBI critical appraisal tools. We assessed the certainty of the evidence according to the GRADE approach applied to the primary outcomes of respiratory muscle strength. Where feasible, the data were pooled and subjected to meta-analysis using RevMan 5.4 software. The results are reported as mean differences (MDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: A total of 14 trials (eight RCTs and six QE studies) involving 376 patients were included in the analysis. For the primary outcomes, RMT demonstrated significant improvements in maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) (MD 4.74 cmH Conclusion: Respiratory muscle training improves respiratory muscle strength and fatigue in MS, but evidence quality is low and effects on lung function, exercise capacity and QOL remain uncertain. The evidence was limited by the small number of trials with small sample sizes and the risk of bias. This necessitates additional randomized controlled trials. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42023457664.
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Registered trials
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