ArticleFrontiers in nutrition2025
A U-shaped dose-response of carbohydrate-protein supplementation on rowing performance.
Article in Frontiers in nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Abstract
Background and aim: Co-ingestion of carbohydrate and protein supplement (CHO-PRO) is a common strategy to enhance endurance performance. However, the optimal dose-response relationship has not been established, which limits evidence-based nutritional guidance for individuals. This study aimed to characterize the performance dose-response curve of a 4:1 CHO-PRO during prolonged rowing. Methods: In a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group trial, 171 physically active male university students (age: 23 ± 2 years) from non-sports majors each completed a single experimental session. Each session involved a rowing protocol consisting of two 30-min bouts. During the exercise, participants consumed one of eight distinct doses of a 4:1 CHO-PRO in aliquots every 15 min. The CHO delivery rates ranged from 0.5 to 1.2 g/kg/h. Total rowing distance served as the primary performance outcome and was analyzed using a one-way ANCOVA with baseline countermovement jump as a covariate. Result: A significant quadratic (U-shaped) dose-response relationship was found for rowing performance. The lowest dose CHO-PRO (0.5 g/kg/h CHO) resulted in significantly greater rowing distance compared to several higher doses (0.9-1.2 g/kg/h). No significant main effect of supplement dose was observed for heart rate, blood lactate, blood glucose, or rating of perceived exertion during exercise. Post-exercise recovery markers also did not differ significantly between the groups. Conclusion: For prolonged rowing, a lower dose of the CHO-PRO was more effective than higher doses, revealing a non-linear performance response. This non-linear response was characterized by significant performance decrements at several higher intake levels. These findings underscore the importance of dose optimization. Exceeding a certain intake threshold may impair endurance performance.
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