ArticleJB & JS open access
Epidemiology of Lower Limb Musculoskeletal Pathology in Cerebral Palsy: A Population-Based, Cohort Study.
Article in JB & JS open access. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Automated Analysis of Pelvic Radiographs for Hip Dysplasia Screening Using Artificial Intelligence in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Pooled it
- Comparison of Direct 3D Scans and Plaster Casts in Digital Ankle-Foot Orthosis Workflows.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The Impact of 40 Years of Data Collection: The Victoria Cerebral Palsy Register.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- [Musculoskeletal pathology in children with infantile cerebral palsy: a new classification system].Orthopadie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Percutaneous tendon lengthening and selective percutaneous myofascial lengthening in children with cerebral palsy: Establishing surgical indications using the Delphi method.Journal of children's orthopaedics · 2026Article
- [Limited bone and soft tissue surgery combined with Ilizarov technique in treatment of adolescent severe cerebral palsy with flattened valgus foot and lower leg external rotation deformity].Zhongguo xiu fu chong jian wai ke za zhi = Zhongguo xiufu chongjian waike zazhi = Chinese journal of reparative and reconstructive surgery · 2026Article
- [Neurogenic hip dysplasia and hip dislocation : Pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and management in the context of cerebral palsy].Orthopadie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Musculoskeletal pathology (MSP) develops in the lower limbs of the majority of children with cerebral palsy (CP) with time and growth. The aims of this study were to investigate the epidemiology of MSP in the lower limbs, of a large population-based sample of children with CP, at long-term follow up. Methods: An inception cohort was generated from the Victorian Cerebral Palsy Register for the birth years 1990 through 1992 inclusive. Children had regular clinical and radiographic examinations from infancy until after skeletal maturity. Cerebral palsy was classified using the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) and a Topographical Classification System (TCS), devised for this study. MSP was classified using the Musculoskeletal Pathology Classification System, which has good reliability. Results: A full dataset was available for 292 individuals, 78% of the inception cohort (170 males, 122 females). Mean age at final follow-up was 20 years (SD 4.5, range 6-31 years). MSP type changed with age. Hypertonia (MSP 1) was present in 77% of children at age 5 years, contractures (MSP 2) in 22% of children at 10 years, contractures combined with bony torsion (MSP 3) in 31% of teenagers at age 15 years, and decompensation (MSP 4) in 15% of young adults at age 25 years. There were moderate to strong associations between GMFCS and MSP and TCS and MSP (Kendall's tau 0.36-0.55, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The prevalence of MSP in children with CP who were born between 1990 and 1992 and followed into the third decade was high and was related to age and CP severity by GMFCS. Level of Evidence: Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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