Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41210598›Full record

ArticleNanoscale advances2026

A biofluid-repellent nanograss coating enhances flow of protein solutions and preserves transparency of glass capillaries upon exposure to blood.

Mubashir Hussain, Mohammad Awashra, Christoffer Kauppinen, Seyed Mehran Mirmohammadi, Nicholas Addy-Tayie, Rosa Peltola, Juho Leskinen, Sami Puustinen, Heikki A Nurmi, Robin H A Ras and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nanoscale advances, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Mubashir HussainDepartment of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University Tietotie 3 Espoo 02150 Finland mubashir.hussain@aalto.fi ville.p.jokinen@aalto.fi.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1613-1649
Mohammad AwashraDepartment of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University Tietotie 3 Espoo 02150 Finland mubashir.hussain@aalto.fi ville.p.jokinen@aalto.fi.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0136-9830
Christoffer KauppinenQuantum Photonics Research Team, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd Tietotie 3 Espoo FI-02044 VTT Finland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2850-2702
Seyed Mehran MirmohammadiDepartment of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University Tietotie 3 Espoo 02150 Finland mubashir.hussain@aalto.fi ville.p.jokinen@aalto.fi.
Nicholas Addy-TayieDepartment of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University Tietotie 3 Espoo 02150 Finland mubashir.hussain@aalto.fi ville.p.jokinen@aalto.fi.
Rosa PeltolaDepartment of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University Tietotie 3 Espoo 02150 Finland mubashir.hussain@aalto.fi ville.p.jokinen@aalto.fi.
Juho LeskinenUniversity of Eastern Finland, Faculty of Science, Forestry and Technology Joensuu Finland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7860-3717
Sami PuustinenKuopio University Hospital, Microsurgery Center of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4520-5598
Heikki A NurmiDepartment of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University Espoo Finland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8273-2077
Robin H A RasDepartment of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University Espoo Finland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2076-242X
Sami FranssilaDepartment of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University Tietotie 3 Espoo 02150 Finland mubashir.hussain@aalto.fi ville.p.jokinen@aalto.fi.
Ville JokinenDepartment of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University Tietotie 3 Espoo 02150 Finland mubashir.hussain@aalto.fi ville.p.jokinen@aalto.fi.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6347-7461

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A transparent and superhydrophobic (SHB) nanograss coating makes glass capillaries repellent toward protein solutions and blood. The coating is fabricated using atomic layer deposited alumina which is converted into grass-like alumina (GLA) by hot water treatment (HWT). The resulting tubes are transparent and highly repellent towards water and protein solutions (sliding angle <6° for a concentrated albumin solution). The biofluid repellence of the coating reduces hydraulic resistances for protein-rich biofluids, including fetal bovine serum, by 0-50% with the strongest effect for the smallest tubes and lowest Reynolds numbers. This work addresses a knowledge gap where previous studies have mostly focused on pure water for the drag reduction effect. The tubes also show a promising ability to stay clean and transparent on short term exposure to blood, unlike unmodified glass or polymer controls.

Identifiers

PMID41210598
PMCPMC12593835

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.