SynthesisFrontiers in psychiatry2025
The association between procrastination and negative emotions in healthy individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Development of Academic Procrastination Model for Nursing Students at Institute of National Importance: Expanding Horizons in Nursing Education.Florence Nightingale journal of nursing · 2026Article
- A multidimensional examination of academic procrastination reasons in pre-service teachers: SEM and latent profile analysis on the structural role of self-confidence-based procrastination.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: The widespread recognition of the link between procrastination and negative emotions is accompanied by a need for greater clarity regarding the underlying mechanisms of this connection. This study aims to systematically review and meta-analyze the association between procrastination and negative emotions, specifically focusing on depression, anxiety, and stress. Methods: Through comprehensive searches across five databases, we have included a total of 88 studies, encompassing 63,323 participants across 17 countries. Utilizing Stata 18.0, we conducted separate meta-analyses for each of the three negative emotions. Results: The results indicate a moderate positive correlation between procrastination and negative emotions, with a combined effect size of r=0.342. Subgroup analyses reveal variations in the strength of this association across different types of procrastination. Furthermore, the results of the publication bias test indicate no significant bias. Discussion: By unveiling the close connection between procrastination and negative emotions, and preliminarily exploring the bidirectional relationship between procrastination and negative emotions based on the included longitudinal studies, this study has reinforced the theoretical foundation of this field. Policymakers should consider the association with procrastination behaviors when aiming to improve people's mental health and well-being.
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