Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41209844›Full record

ArticleJID innovations : skin science from molecules to population health2026

Squaric Acid Dibutylester Promotes Innate Immune-Driven Hair Growth with CD206

Koichi Tomii, Madoka Ozawa, Yasuhiro Kanda, Daichi Kobayashi, Nan-Jun Li, Eiji Umemoto, Haruko Hayasaka, Michio Tomura, Arata Takeuchi, Riichiro Abe and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in JID innovations : skin science from molecules to population health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Koichi TomiiDepartment of Immunology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
Madoka OzawaDepartment of Immunology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
Yasuhiro KandaDepartment of Immunology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
Daichi KobayashiDepartment of Immunology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
Nan-Jun LiDepartment of Immunology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
Eiji UmemotoLaboratory of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan.
Haruko HayasakaLaboratory of Immune Molecular Function, Faculty of Science & Engineering, Kindai University, Higashiosaka, Japan.
Michio TomuraLaboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Osaka, Japan.
Arata TakeuchiDepartment of Immunology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
Riichiro AbeDivision of Dermatology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
Tomoya KatakaiDepartment of Immunology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune skin disorder that causes hair loss. Squaric acid dibutylester (SADBE) is used for AA treatment as a topical immunotherapy that promotes hair growth by inducing allergic contact dermatitis in skin lesions. However, the mechanism of action remains unclear. C3H/HeJ mice spontaneously develop AA, and SADBE application induces hair growth at the lesion on day 28. In healthy young mice treated with SADBE, hair growth was observed after day 14. Fluorescent immunostaining of SADBE-treated skin tissues revealed a remarkable accumulation of macrophages in the dermis on day 3. These macrophages were divided into 3 subsets that formed a layered structure; in particular, CD206

Indexed as

Alopecia areataContact dermatitisHair folliclesM2-like macrophagesSADBE

Identifiers

PMID41209844
PMCPMC12590135

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.