Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41209815›Full record

ArticlePathogens & immunity2025

Defects in Innate and Intrinsic Immunity in Morocco: A Retrospective Analysis of the Genetic Landscape and Clinical Correlations.

Marwa Refaat, Chaymae Oujane, Abderrahmane Errami, Zahra Aadam, Abderrahmane Moundir, Bouchra Baghad, Sanae Zaidi, Halima Kholaiq, Assiya El Kettani, Ibtihal Benhsaien and 4 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Pathogens & immunity, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Marwa RefaatLaboratory of Clinical Immunology, Infection and Autoimmunity (LICIA), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Casablanca, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco.
Chaymae OujaneLaboratory of Clinical Immunology, Infection and Autoimmunity (LICIA), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Casablanca, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco.
Abderrahmane ErramiLaboratory of Clinical Immunology, Infection and Autoimmunity (LICIA), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Casablanca, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco.
Zahra AadamLaboratory of Clinical Immunology, Infection and Autoimmunity (LICIA), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Casablanca, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco.
Abderrahmane MoundirLaboratory of Clinical Immunology, Infection and Autoimmunity (LICIA), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Casablanca, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco.
Bouchra BaghadLaboratory of Clinical Immunology, Infection and Autoimmunity (LICIA), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Casablanca, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco.
Sanae ZaidiLaboratory of Clinical Immunology, Infection and Autoimmunity (LICIA), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Casablanca, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco.
Halima KholaiqLaboratory of Clinical Immunology, Infection and Autoimmunity (LICIA), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Casablanca, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco.
Assiya El KettaniLaboratory of Clinical Immunology, Infection and Autoimmunity (LICIA), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Casablanca, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco.
Ibtihal BenhsaienLaboratory of Clinical Immunology, Infection and Autoimmunity (LICIA), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Casablanca, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco.
Fatima AilalLaboratory of Clinical Immunology, Infection and Autoimmunity (LICIA), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Casablanca, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco.
Asmaa Drissi BourhanbourLaboratory of Clinical Immunology, Infection and Autoimmunity (LICIA), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Casablanca, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco.
Jalila El BakkouriLaboratory of Clinical Immunology, Infection and Autoimmunity (LICIA), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Casablanca, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco.
Ahmed Aziz BousfihaLaboratory of Clinical Immunology, Infection and Autoimmunity (LICIA), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy Casablanca, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Susceptibility to common infectious diseases is often linked to innate immune deficiencies. Patients may present normal standard immunological profiles but remain highly vulnerable to infections, complicating diagnosis. This study investigates innate and intrinsic immune deficiencies and their genetic underpinnings in Moroccan patients, emphasizing early detection and personalized care. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted using data from the Moroccan Inborn Errors of Immunity (IEI) registry (2008-2024). Included were patients with confirmed innate or intrinsic immunodeficiencies based on CBC, CRP, immunoglobulin levels, lymphocyte subpopulations, and whole-exome sequencing. Classification followed the 2022 IUIS criteria. Results: Among 884 patients with IEI, 79 (∼9%) had innate or intrinsic immunodeficiencies, with genetic confirmation in 46 (58%). Of these, 23 (50%) were diagnosed with Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease (MSMD), involving mutations in the Conclusion: This study reveals the genetic complexity of innate immune disorders in Morocco, with a notable prevalence of MSMD and CMC. It underscores the value of early genetic screening to guide diagnosis and improve patient outcomes.

Indexed as

Genetic VariationsIEIInborn Errors of ImmunityInnate Immune DeficienciesPathogensPIDPrimary ImmunodeficienciesSusceptibility

Identifiers

PMID41209815
PMCPMC12594312

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.