Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41209753›Full record

ReviewWideochirurgia i inne techniki maloinwazyjne = Videosurgery and other miniinvasive techniques2025

Adrenal hemorrhage: diagnostics, management, and treatment. Review and clinical update.

Siavash Świeczkowski -Feiz, Sadegh Toutounchi, Ewa Krajewska, Krzysztof Celejewski, Remigiusz Gelo, Piotr Kaszczewski, Wawrzyniec Jakuczun, Urszula Ambroziak, Zbigniew Gałązka

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Wideochirurgia i inne techniki maloinwazyjne = Videosurgery and other miniinvasive techniques, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Siavash Świeczkowski -FeizDepartment of General, Endocrine, and Vascular Surgery, University Clinical Center of the Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland.
Sadegh ToutounchiDepartment of General, Endocrine, and Vascular Surgery, University Clinical Center of the Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland.
Ewa KrajewskaDepartment of General, Endocrine, and Vascular Surgery, University Clinical Center of the Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland.
Krzysztof CelejewskiDepartment of General, Endocrine, and Vascular Surgery, University Clinical Center of the Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland.
Remigiusz GeloSecond Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Clinical Center of the Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland.
Piotr KaszczewskiDepartment of General, Endocrine, and Vascular Surgery, University Clinical Center of the Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland.
Wawrzyniec JakuczunDepartment of General, Endocrine, and Vascular Surgery, University Clinical Center of the Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland.
Urszula AmbroziakDepartment of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology Medical University of Warsaw Warszawa Poland.
Zbigniew GałązkaDepartment of General, Endocrine, and Vascular Surgery, University Clinical Center of the Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionAdrenal hemorrhage (AH) is a rare and often underdiagnosed condition that can present with nonspecific symptoms and may be life-threatening. Accurate diagnosis and tailored management are essential.

aimThe aim of this paper was to review the literature on AH with emphasis on etiology, diagnostic approaches, management strategies, and methodological quality of available studies. MATERIALS AND

methodsA structured search of the literature was performed. Forty-one relevant articles were included in the review. Risk of bias was assessed in 3 eligible studies (2 single-center series and 1 case series with literature review) using the Joanna Briggs Institute tools and adapted criteria.

resultTrauma accounted for the majority of AH cases. Nontraumatic etiologies included anticoagulation, infection, stress, and adrenal tumors, such as pheochromocytoma, adrenocortical carcinoma, and metastases. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were the key diagnostic modalities. Management strategies ranged from conservative observation and embolization to laparoscopic or open adrenalectomy, guided by hemodynamic stability, capsule integrity, and suspicion of malignancy. All assessed studies had moderate risk of bias due to retrospective design and limited sample size.

conclusionAH requires high clinical suspicion and structured imaging / endocrine evaluation. Open adrenalectomy is recommended in unstable patients, in the cases of capsule rupture, or when malignancy is suspected. In patients with hemorrhage confined to the adrenal capsule, laparoscopic adrenalectomy represents the preferred surgical approach. Larger prospective multicenter studies are warranted to establish standardized guidelines.

Indexed as

adrenal hemorrhageadrenocortical carcinomalaparoscopic adrenalectomyopen adrenalectomypheochromocytoma

Identifiers

PMID41209753
PMCPMC12590362

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.