Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41209619›Full record

ArticleTherapeutic advances in medical oncology2025

Real-world evidence for immunotherapy in the first-line or subsequent-line setting in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer.

Ruizi Ren, Ying Wang, Qunhui Wang, Baohua Lu, Yuan Gao, Hongxia Li, Hengrui Zhang, Yong Zhang, Tongmei Zhang

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Therapeutic advances in medical oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Ruizi RenThe First Clinical Medical College of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi, Xianyang, China.
Ying WangDepartment of Medical Oncology, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Qunhui WangDepartment of Medical Oncology, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Baohua LuDepartment of Medical Oncology, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Yuan GaoDepartment of Medical Oncology, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Hongxia LiDepartment of Medical Oncology, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Hengrui ZhangDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Yong ZhangDepartment of Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712000, China.
Tongmei ZhangDepartment of Medical Oncology, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 9, Beiguan Street, Tongzhou District, Beijing 101149, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4271-3773

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Since the approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) patients, immunotherapy has been commonly prescribed in first-line and sometimes in subsequent-line treatment in clinical practice. However, real-world data on ICIs in ES-SCLC remain limited. Objectives: To delineate the current therapeutic landscape of ES-SCLC and assess the efficacy and outcomes of immunotherapy in different clinical settings. Design and methods: Patients with ES-SCLC who received at least two lines of therapy from February 2020 to February 2024 were retrospectively recruited. All enrolled subjects were divided into two groups, namely "ICIs cohort" and "chemotherapy-only cohort" according to the treatment regimens they received in the entire disease course. Patients in the ICIs cohort who received immunotherapy as first-line treatment were analyzed separately from those who received it in later lines. Survival analysis was conducted to evaluate the clinical significance of ICIs in different treatment settings using the Kaplan-Meier method. The utility of thoracic radiotherapy was also evaluated in ES-SCLC patients. Multivariate Cox regression was applied to identify independent predictors of survival in ES-SCLC. Results: A total of 214 patients were enrolled during the timeframe, of whom 81 received ICIs in first-line treatment and 78 received ICIs in subsequent-line treatment. In survival analysis, the ICIs cohort demonstrated significantly longer overall survival (OS) than the chemotherapy-only cohort, both in the first-line (17.0 vs 14.27 months; Conclusion: The incorporation of immunotherapy, either in first-line or subsequent-line treatment, significantly improved survival outcomes in ES-SCLC. Notably, local thoracic radiotherapy retained its significant survival benefit in ES-SCLC in the immunotherapy era.

Indexed as

extensive-stage small-cell lung cancerimmunotherapyreal-world evidence

Identifiers

PMID41209619
PMCPMC12592661

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.