ReviewJournal of clinical medicine research2025
Non-Suicidal Self-Injury: Pain Addiction Mechanisms, Neurophysiological Signatures, and Therapeutic Advances.
Review in Journal of clinical medicine research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Impulsivity in adolescents with MDD and non-suicidal self-injury: a multimodal assessment using psychometric, behavioral, and neurophysiological measures.Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health · 2026Article
- The association of different dimensions of anhedonia in the relationship between depressive symptoms and self-harm in adolescents with mood disorders.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Non-suicidal self-injury and subsequent suicide attempts and death: A protocol for a systematic review of temporally ordered evidence.PloS one · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to review the neurobiological mechanisms, epidemiology, and therapeutic interventions for non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), emphasizing the pain addiction model and electroencephalographic biomarkers as frameworks for precision intervention. A narrative review of the literature was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, and Wanfang Data up to October 2025. Search strategy employed the terms "non-suicidal self-injury," "pain addiction," "electroencephalography," "endogenous opioid system," and "HPA axis." Selection criteria prioritized original human studies, high-quality systematic reviews, and mechanistic investigations. Pain addiction and electroencephalography (EEG) were selected as focal variables based on their explanatory power: pain addiction elucidates NSSI perpetuation through endogenous opioid-mediated reward sensitization and dopaminergic reinforcement, while event-related potentials (ERPs) provide temporal precision in mapping cognitive-affective dysregulation underlying emotional impulsivity and regulatory deficits. Global adolescent NSSI prevalence averages 17.2%, with Chinese rates reaching 24.7% and trends toward earlier onset. Neurobiological substrates include fronto-limbic dysregulation, hypoactive hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function with blunted cortisol reactivity, and endogenous opioid system alterations producing widespread hypoalgesia. EEG/ERP studies demonstrate increased N2 amplitude with decreased P3 amplitude and prolonged latency during negative stimuli processing, reflecting impaired conflict monitoring and attentional resource allocation. Dialectical behavior therapy shows established efficacy, while repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and opioid antagonists demonstrate therapeutic potential. NSSI emerges from neurobiological vulnerability within pain-reward-emotion circuits interacting with psychosocial factors. The pain addiction framework and EEG signatures provide translatable targets for biomarker development and personalized intervention. Future research requires multimodal neuroimaging, longitudinal designs, and genetic integration to establish predictive algorithms and precision therapeutics.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.