ReviewInternational journal of medical sciences2025
Bispecific Antibodies in Glioblastoma: Mechanistic Advances, Delivery Innovations, and Translational Challenges in Overcoming Immune Escape.
Review in International journal of medical sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Focused ultrasound-induced blood-brain barrier modulation for drug delivery in recurrent glioblastoma: A systematic review.The Indian journal of medical research · 2026Pooled it
- Review
- Meningeal immunity and "Interstitial" therapy: a new paradigm for immunotherapy in glioblastoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Peripheral blood biomarkers in PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy: distinguishing predictive from prognostic biomarkers.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The application of bispecific antibody (BsAbs)-based therapeutic strategies for glioblastoma (GBM) has shown considerable promise. By concurrently targeting tumor-associated antigens and immune effector cells, BsAbs can traverse the blood-brain barrier, modulate the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and surmount challenges such as intratumoral heterogeneity and immune evasion. Accumulating evidence indicates that BsAbs surpass conventional monoclonal antibodies and chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapies in the context of GBM through mechanisms that include the redirection of immune cells, blockade of immune checkpoints, and synergistic inhibition of oncogenic signaling pathways. Although constrained by limitations in intracerebral delivery efficiency and the potential for immune-related adverse events, BsAbs represent a promising new frontier in GBM immunotherapy. They particularly enhance therapeutic precision and durability, underscoring their potential as a transformative approach for managing this aggressive malignancy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.