ArticleFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology2025
Bioinspired 3D braided artificial ligament with human-like mechanical properties and self-healing capability.
Article in Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: Joint injuries, a major type of human musculoskeletal disorder, are often accompanied by soft tissue damage, and restoring ligament integrity is a key strategy for reconstructing joint function. However, existing artificial ligaments face a critical challenge: reconciling robust biomechanical performance with intrinsic self-healing capability, especially under cyclic loading and accidental overload conditions. Conventional materials like polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) struggle with long-term durability, while emerging self-healing designs are limited by poor mechanical robustness and slow healing kinetics. Methods: This study developed a self-healing artificial ligament via 3D braiding of shape memory alloy (SMA, Ni Results: DSC showed the SMA had a thermal hysteresis window of 24.8 °C (Ms=46.5 °C, Mf=27.2 °C, As=58.3 °C, Af=71.3 °C), and DMA revealed an "S"-type storage modulus curve during heating . After 1,000 s of cyclic loading, the self-healing ligament retained ∼73% of initial stress (vs. 37% for conventional ligaments) and had a lower energy dissipation ratio due to SMA's low damping. Electrothermal tests showed maximum contraction rate increased with pre-strain, and 3-5.5 W power input enabled proportional contraction strain. In artificial hip tests, SMA activation restored ∼95% of initial joint laxity, reducing excessive rotational/translational motion by 26% and 12% respectively. Discussion: The hybrid SMA-PE design resolves the trade-off between biomechanical performance and self-healing: PE provides foundational tensile strength, while SMA enables electrothermal self-healing via phase transformation. The 3D braided structure replicates natural ligaments' J-shaped stress-strain behavior, ensuring adaptability to dynamic joint movements. Compared to piezoelectric nanomaterial (PENM)-based designs (focused on proprioception), this ligament prioritizes mechanical stability and rapid self-healing, making it suitable for clinical rehabilitation and assistive devices. Future work will address limitations like wired power supply (via wireless modules) and long-term stability (via anti-degradation coatings).
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