ReviewFrontiers in immunology2025
Emerging insights into the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and its implications for glioblastoma immunotherapy.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Perioperative myeloid cell remodeling shapes CAR-T cell efficacy in glioblastoma.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Article
- Meningeal immunity and "Interstitial" therapy: a new paradigm for immunotherapy in glioblastoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Towards a personalized perspective on gliomas: an epigenetic-immuno-inflammatory aging framework.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The dynamic myeloid-enriched microenvironment of glioblastoma: a major challenge to immunotherapy efficacy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Glioblastoma is considered the most common and lethal form of brain cancer. Despite tremendous progress in glioblastoma therapeutics, the profound intra- and inter-tumoral heterogeneity of glioblastoma tumors, the difficulty of agents to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the development of drug resistance as well as the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) predominantly account for the failure of existing conventional and targeted therapies. Therefore, there is a growing necessity to decipher the complexity of the TME that promotes immunosuppression and to discover innovative strategies targeting both the tumor and its TME to improve patient treatment outcomes. In this comprehensive review, we present the latest evidence implicating various components of the TME in regulating the efficacy of immunotherapies. We also discuss the current challenges and opportunities of immunotherapy in treating glioblastoma, including ongoing clinical trials using immune checkpoints inhibitors (ICIs), CAR-T cell therapy, vaccines, cytokine therapy and oncolytic viruses.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.