Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41208391›Full record

ArticleBJPsych bulletin2025

Potential impact of social media and COVID-19 restrictions on adult attention-deficit rates.

Premal Shah, Marios Adamou, Alison Cape, Martina Carboni, Dietmar Hank, Raja Anindya Sekhar Mukherjee, Chandrarajan Shah, Michael Smith

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BJPsych bulletin, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Premal ShahLothian Adult Autism and ADHD Team, https://ror.org/04jxcef68Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9521-7699
Marios AdamouSchool of Human and Health Sciences, University of Huddersfield,Huddersfield, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4303-664X
Alison CapeAvon and Wiltshire Mental Health Partnership NHS Trust, Bath, UK.
Martina CarboniSouth London and Maudsley Mental Health NHS Trust, London, UK.
Dietmar HankAvon and Wiltshire Mental Health Partnership NHS Trust, Bath, UK.
Raja Anindya Sekhar MukherjeeSurrey and Borders Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Redhill, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2171-928X
Chandrarajan ShahEast of Scotland Surgical Training, Edinburgh, UK.
Michael SmithAdult ADHD Service, Leeds and York Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Leeds, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4032-0589

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

AIMS AND

methodWe aimed to quantify attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism assessment requests, and explore correlations with public interest and COVID-19 restrictions. We collected data on referrals to adult ADHD or autism services, Google searches for 'autism' or 'ADHD', birth gender ratios, ADHD prescriptions in England and COVID-19 restriction measures in four countries.

resultsADHD assessment demand tripled from July 2020 to January 2023, with Google searches for ADHD rising in parallel. Autism referrals and searches saw smaller, similarly timed rises. Female referrals outstripped males. ADHD prescriptions rose particularly in those aged 30-34 years. Google searches for ADHD unexpectedly rose from July 2020 in four countries, correlating with sustained intensity of national COVID-19 restrictions. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Public interest may have driven demand for ADHD assessments, with COVID-19 restrictions encouraging social media use facilitated by easy electronic information access. The public has decided that ADHD is important, independent of professional views. It is now critical that a consensus is reached to determine who benefits most from an ADHD diagnosis and medication.

Indexed as

attention-deficit hyperactivity disordersAutismhealth economicsmental health servicesservice development

Identifiers

PMID41208391
PMCPMC13386319

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.